Abstract
Wheel–rail adhesion is a complex tribological problem of wheel–rail rolling contact and is closely related to the operational safety of high-speed trains. A new design concept of high-speed trains was recently proposed with an expectation of a reduction of equivalent weight and total energy consumption by installing aerodynamic wings (aero-wings) on the roof, but it was accompanied by the disadvantage of deteriorating wheel–rail adhesion performance. In this study, a comprehensive multi-body dynamics (MBD) model of the high-speed train with predesigned aero-wings is established using the commercial software SIMPACK, in which the real aerodynamic characteristics of the train are taken into account. The available adhesion and adhesion margin are employed to evaluate the wheel–rail adhesion performance. The influences of aero-wing lift, train speed, and contact conditions on the wheel–rail adhesion level are discussed. The results show that the load transfer caused by the action of aerodynamic load and braking torque was the main reason for the inconsistent adhesion condition of four wheelsets. The influences of aero-wing lift and train speed on the wheel–rail adhesion performance are coupled; the available adhesion of both motor car and trailer is negatively correlated with aero-wing lift and train speed under all contact conditions, while the variation law of adhesion margin with train speed shows differences under different contact conditions. When the wheel–rail interface was polluted by a ‘third-body medium’ such as water and oil, the wheel–rail adhesion performance was dramatically reduced and the wheelset tended to reach adhesion saturation and slide. However, track irregularity had little effect on the adhesion performance and could be ignored to save calculation time. These results are of positive significance for reducing the wheel idling or sliding phenomenon and to ensure the safe operation of high-speed trains with aero-wings.
摘要
目的
升力翼产生的气动升力在实现列车减重的同时将会减弱轮轨黏着性能, 容易引起车轮空转/抱死等问题。本文旨在探究气动升力、列车速度、轮轨接触条件和轨道不平顺等因素对轮轨黏着性能的影响机制, 并提出轮轨黏着性能评价方法, 为减少车轮空转打滑现象和保障高速列车在气动升力作用下安全平稳运行提供参考。
创新点
1. 根据典型轮轨黏着-滑动特性提出了将轮轨可用黏着和轮轨黏着裕量作为轮轨黏着性能的评价指标; 2. 建立了气动升力协同高速列车动力学模型, 并探究了多种升力工况下的轮轨接触力响应及轮轨黏着性能。
方法
1. 引入气动升力协同高速列车气动特性, 建立考虑轮轨接触与悬挂系统非线性的气动升力协同高速列车动力学模型(图1); 2. 根据轮轨黏滑特性提出轮轨黏着性能评价指标(公式(9)和(10)), 并由Polach模型得到不同轮轨接触条件下轮轨可用黏着和轮轨垂向力及列车速度的映射关系(图5); 3. 基于多体动力学仿真, 开展气动升力协同高速列车的轮轨黏着性能参数研究。
结论
1. 气动载荷和制动力矩共同作用导致的轴重转移是四组轮对黏着状态不一致的主要原因; 2. 气动升力和列车速度对轮轨可用黏着和轮轨黏着裕量存在耦合影响; 3. 水、油等“第三介质”的污染会显著降低轮轨黏着性能, 并导致在某些升力工况下的减载轮对达到黏着饱和; 4. 在一定误差范围内, 轨道不平顺对轮轨黏着性能评价的影响不大。
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Data availability statement
The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.
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Acknowledgments
This work is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program (No. 2020YFA0710902) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11772275).
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Lin JING designed the research. Yang CHEN processed the corresponding data and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Tian LI, Liang LING, and Kaiyun WANG helped to organize the manuscript. Lin JING revised and edited the final version.
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Yang CHEN, Lin JING, Tian LI, Liang LING, and Kaiyun WANG declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and publication of this article.
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Chen, Y., Jing, L., Li, T. et al. Numerical study of wheel–rail adhesion performance of new-concept high-speed trains with aerodynamic wings. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. A 24, 673–691 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A2300025
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A2300025