Abstract
The non-metallic lightning strike protection film covering carbon fiber reinforced polymers (NM-LSP covering CFRP) can reduce the weight and thus the fuel consumption of aircraft by replacing the traditional lightning strike protection (LSP) materials. In the present study in order to study the environmental influence of utilizing NM-LSP covering CFRP in an aircraft elevator a new elevator was designed and manufactured replacing the aluminium net and glass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRP) with NM-LSP covering CFRP with the same mechanical and LSP abilities. A comparative life cycle assessment was conducted between the two kinds of aircraft elevators including material extraction transportation elevator manufacturing phase service phase and end-of-life procedures. Additionally, the environmental impacts of producing two LSP materials were compared by considering the environmental effects of different buy-to-fly ratios and recycling strategies on the production of aluminium net. The analysis indicates that the new elevator achieved reduction for all the environmental impact categories used, such as human toxicity potential and marine aquatic ecotoxicity potential (3.83% and 3.20% reduction). Furthermore, it is found that the service phase makes the greatest contribution to the environmental impact of the elevators under investigation. When recycling is excluded, NM-LSP covering CFRP is more environmentally friendly than the traditional material. At the same time CFRP prepreg and electricity from the production of NM-LSP covering CFRP contribute to a higher environmental impact compared to the NM-LSP film. From the sensitivity analysis it is believed that NM-LSP covering CFRP can reduce environmental impact compared with traditional LSP materials.
Abstract
目的
非金属雷击防护材料取代传统雷击防护材料应用在飞机上具备减小飞机重量和燃油消耗的潜力。本文旨在探讨使用新型非金属雷击防护材料的飞机升降舵相较于传统升降舵是否具有环保优势, 以及明确影响新型非金属雷击防护材料制备的环境影响因素。
创新点
1. 通过生命周期评价方法, 研究了使用和未使用新型非金属雷击防护材料飞机升降舵的全生命周期环境; 2. 明确了影响新型非金属雷击防护材料制备的主要环境影响因素。
方法
1. 通过数据搜集, 利用荷兰莱顿大学环境研究中心(CML)提出的环境影响评价方法和11个影响指标, 研究使用和未使用新型非金属雷击防护材料的飞机升降舵整个生命周期的环境影响; 2. 计算升降舵整个生命周期各个阶段对其整体环境影响的贡献; 3. 分析新型非金属雷击防护材料与传统雷击防护材料环境影响的大小, 并考虑不同的买飞比和回收工艺对传统雷击防护材料环境影响的作用。
结论
1. 使用新型雷击防护材料可降低升降舵相关环境影响指标值0.83%到3.83%; 2. 使用阶段对传统和新型飞机升降舵的环境影响贡献分别超过了96%和97%; 3. 当不考虑导电铝网的回收时, 相较于传统雷击防护材料, 新型雷击防护材料的环境影响更小, 而当考虑回收和买飞比为1时, 新型雷击防护材料只在淡水和水生生态毒性潜能、人体毒性潜力、海洋和水生生态毒理潜力和光化学臭氧生成潜力等环境影响指标上表现更差; 4. 对制备新型导电复合材料的环境影响而言, 碳纤维复合材料预浸料、加工用电能和雷击防护膜的贡献分别为58.67%、33.52%和7.81%。
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Acknowledgments
This work is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2017YFC0703007), the Chinese MIIT Special Research Plan on Civil Aircraft (No. MJ-2015-H-G-103), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52008137), and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Nos. 2019TQ0079 and 2019M661288).
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Gui-jun XIAN designed the research. Shao-ce DONG processed the corresponding data and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Cheng-gao LI helped to organize the manuscript. Gui-jun XIAN, Cheng-gao LI, and Shao-ce DONG revised and edited the final version. Zhong-jie ZHAO, Xu-feng ZHANG, and Qing-wen YUN contributed to the data collection.
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Shao-ce DONG, Cheng-gao LI, Gui-jun XIAN, Zhong-jie ZHAO, Xu-feng ZHANG, and Qing-wen YUN declare that they have no conflict of interest.
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Dong, Sc., Li, Cg., Xian, Gj. et al. Environmental impact assessment of aircraft elevator made with new lightning protection material. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. A 23, 669–682 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A2200105
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A2200105
Key words
- Environmental impact assessment
- Lightning strike protection (LSP) material
- Aircraft elevator
- Life cycle assessment (LCA)
- Non-metallic lightning strike protection (NM-LSP) material