Abstract
Compared with liquid nitrogen (LN2) and water, the density of liquid hydrogen (LH2) is more than one order of magnitude smaller, which leads to significantly different flow-induced vibration characteristics in the Coriolis mass flowmeter (CMF). Based on the Euler beam theory, the complex set of equations of fluid-solid interactions for the U-type pipe Coriolis flowmeter with LH2 is solved. The calculation results are firstly validated by comparing the dimensionless frequency, displacement, and twist mode shape with the theoretical and experimental results in the other publications with water and kerosene as the working fluids. Then, the results of dimensionless frequency, phase difference, and time lag for LH2 are compared with those for LN2 and water, and the effects of the dimensionless flow velocity, sensor position, and the radius of the curved pipe are analyzed in detail for LH2. Results show that the time lag of LH2 is an order of magnitude smaller than that for LN2 or water. The excitation frequency for LH2 is much larger than that for LN2. Effects of geometric parameters on the time lag are also analyzed for the three fluids and the results contribute to the design optimization of a CMF for LH2.
概要
目的
氢能因其清洁高效等优点正逐渐被用作减少二氧化碳排放的替代能源, 而质量流量是氢能在使用、 运输和交易过程中的重要控制参数. 科里奥利质量流量计因其精度高、 结构简单等优点而受到广泛关注. 本研究基于欧拉梁和一维稳定流动模型对液氢科里奥利质量流量计的流致振动特性展开研究, 分别对液氢科氏流量计的频率、 时滞、 流速、 传感器位置以及测量管结构等影响因素展开讨论, 并与水和液氮工质的结果进行对比, 为专门开发用于测量液氢的科氏流量计提供参考.
创新点
1. 本研究对液氢为工质的U型科里奥利质量流量计的流致振动特性展开了深入研究, 同时对比了水和液氮两种工质的计算结果. 2. 研究分别从激振系统、 时滞量级以及不同工质标定产生的误差进行分析, 为研究开发测量液氢的科里奥利质量流量计提供理论支持. 3. 该研究探究了传感器的位置以及结构尺寸对时滞的影响, 为科氏流量计的结构优化提供了参考.
方法
1. 基于欧拉梁和一维稳定流动模型构建直管和弯管的面外流致振动方程, 并对构建的控制方程进行验证(表1, 图3和4). 2. 探讨流速对结构固有频率的影响(图5和6)、 流速对U型管两臂相位差及时滞的影响(图7和8)、 传感器位置以及结构尺寸对时滞的影响(图9和10). 3. 将液氢、 液氮和水三种工质的计算结果进行对比, 得出用于测量液氢的科氏流量计的独有特性.
结论
1. 相比于水和液氮工质, 液氢密度低的特点导致液氢对结构固有频率的影响更小;同时, 也导致在相同流速下, 液氢科氏流量计对应的时滞比水和液氮两种工质对应的时滞小一个量级, 这对于相位差的提取明显是不利的. 2. 采用水和液氮标定的科氏流量计用于测量液氢, 将分别产生−6.84%和0.63%的误差;如果用水标定的科氏流量计用于测量液氮, 将会产生−7.42%的误差. 3. 随着相位检测器远离固支端, 对应的时滞将会显著降低;改变结构的弯管尺寸可以显著提升时滞的大小.
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Acknowledgments
This work is supported by the Key R&D Plan Project of Zhejiang Province (Nos. 2021C01099 and 2020C01029), China.
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Xiao-bin ZHANG designed the research. Xiang-xiang PEI and Xuan-hong YE processed the corresponding data. Xiang-xiang PEI wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Xiang LI and Hao-hao XU helped to organize the manuscript. Xiaobin ZHANG and Xiang-xiang PEI revised and edited the final version.
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Xiang-xiang PEI, Xiang LI, Hao-hao XU, Xuan-hong YE, and Xiao-bin ZHANG declare that they have no conflict of interest.
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Pei, Xx., Li, X., Xu, Hh. et al. Flow-induced vibration characteristics of the U-type Coriolis mass flowmeter with liquid hydrogen. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. A 23, 495–504 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A2100560
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A2100560