Abstract
Hydraulic erecting systems are widely used in missile and rocket launchers because of their high power density. The double-acting telescopic hydraulic cylinder (DATHC) plays a decisive role in the safe and proper operation of such systems. In particular, improper design of effective areas of a DATHC could potentially lead to an overspeed descent with severe damage for the erecting system. Unfortunately, there is no design constraint for DATHC to prevent this. Therefore, in this paper, a simplified and practical design constraint is proposed. Based on a developed mathematical model of a typical erecting system, we simulated and analyzed not only six cases meeting and not meeting the design constraint, but also the effectiveness of the design constraint under different loads. Experiments were then carried out under four cases. Simulation and experimental results validate the simplified design constraint, a constraint inequation guiding the design of diameters of effective areas for a DATHC.
概要
目的
液压起竖系统因其功率密度高而被广泛用于导弹、火箭等的起竖, 而其中的双作用伸缩液压缸对整个液压起竖系统的安全及正常运行起着决定性作用。特别是当双作用伸缩液压缸的有效作用面积设计不合理时, 其极有可能引起超速下降, 进而对整个装置产生严重破坏。然而, 目前还没有相应的设计准则来防止这一情况的发生。为此, 本文旨在提出一个简单实用的双作用伸缩液压缸设计准则。
创新点
1. 基于一定的假设, 提出了一个简化、实用的设计准则以防止双作用伸缩液压缸引起超速下降; 简化后的设计准则仅与双作用伸缩液压缸的各级活塞以及活塞杆的直径有关, 方便设计初期的使用。2. 建立了液压起竖系统的仿真模型, 并基于仿真结果, 揭示了超速下降故障的演变过程。
方法
1. 根据运动状态的变化是由力的变化引起的, 对双作用伸缩液压缸的各级进行力学分析, 推导出原始的约束不等式(公式(4)), 并基于三个假设对其进行简化以得到最终的设计准则(公式(8)); 2. 为了避免冒然实验带来的损失, 对典型的起竖系统建立仿真模型; 3. 通过仿真, 对满足和不满足设计准则的各6组案例进行验证(图7、8、10和11), 并同时验证不同外载荷下设计准则的可行性(图12和13); 4. 搭建试验平台, 对4组案例进行验证(图15和16); 5. 基于仿真模型进一步讨论超速下降机理。
结论
1. 当双作用伸缩液压缸的结构参数(公式(9))小于−1时可以保证液压起竖系统不出现超速下降, 且该准则对于存在阻力负载、超越负载或者两者兼具的情况均适用。2. 当不满足设计准则时, 在收回过程中, 随着外载荷的增加, Stage 1上合力的方向会发生变化, 之后Stage 1开始伸出, 而Stage 2开始缩回; 由于两者的运动互相促进, 最终导致液压起竖系统的下降速度失控。
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Acknowledgments
This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 91748210) and the National Outstanding Youth Science Foundation of China (No. 51922093).
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Xiao-long ZHANG designed the research. Xiao-long ZHANG and Jun-hui ZHANG wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Shen ZHENG set up the test rig and processed the experiment data. Min CHENG helped organize the manuscript. Bing XU and Yu FANG revised and edited the final version.
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Xiao-long ZHANG, Jun-hui ZHANG, Min CHENG, Shen ZHENG, Bing XU, and Yu FANG declare that they have no conflict of interest.
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Zhang, Xl., Zhang, Jh., Cheng, M. et al. A design constraint for a double-acting telescopic hydraulic cylinder in a hydraulic erecting system. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. A 23, 1–13 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A2100214
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A2100214