Abstract
In this paper, we review recent progress in the understanding of a novel dislocation mechanism, named correlated necklace dislocations (CNDs), activated in highly oriented nanotwinned (NT) metals under monotonic and cyclic loading applied parallel to the twin boundaries (TBs). This mechanism was initially revealed to be responsible for the continuous strengthening behavior of NT metals when the TB spacing (λ) is reduced to around 1 nm. It was later found that the presence of a crack-like defect could trigger the operation of CNDs at much larger TB spacings. Most recently, atomistic modeling and experiments demonstrated a history-independent and stable cyclic response of highly oriented NT metals governed by CNDs formed in the NT structure under cyclic loading. CNDs move along the twin planes without directional lattice slip resistance, thus contributing to a symmetric cyclic response of the NT structure regardless of pre-strains imposed on the sample before cyclic loading. We conclude with potential research directions in the investigation of this unique deformation mechanism in highly oriented NT metals.
概要
本文综述了择优取向纳米孪晶金属中“链式”关联位错(CNDs)的研究进展. 当拉伸方向与孪晶界方向水平, 且孪晶厚度(λ)为1 nm 左右时, 关联位错会大量开动, 引起材料持续强化. 在较宽的孪晶片层中, 裂纹等初始缺陷可引起应力集中, 诱发关联位错形核. 此外, 循环变形也会促进关联位错在纳米孪晶结构中的形成, 使后者具有与历史无关、稳定和拉压对称的循环响应. 最后, 本文提出了择优取向纳米孪晶金属中与“链式”关联位错相关的潜在研究方向.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Beyerlein IJ, Zhang XH, Misra A, 2014. Growth twins and deformation twins in metals. Annual Review of Materials Research, 44:329–363. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-matsci-070813-113304
Bufford DC, Wang YM, Liu Y, et al., 2016. Synthesis and microstructure of electrodeposited and sputtered nanotwinned face-centered-cubic metals. MRS Bulletin, 41(4):286–291. https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2016.62
Hanlon T, Kwon YN, Suresh S, 2003. Grain size effects on the fatigue response of nanocrystalline metals. Scripta Materialia, 49(7):675–680. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6462(03)00393-2
Hodge AM, Wang YM, Barbee Jr TW, 2008. Mechanical deformation of high-purity sputter-deposited nanotwinned copper. Scripta Materialia, 59(2):163–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2008.02.048
Huang Q, Yu DL, Xu B, et al., 2014. Nanotwinned diamond with unprecedented hardness and stability. Nature, 510(7504):250–253. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13381
Jang DC, Li XY, Gao HJ, et al., 2012. Deformation mechanisms in nanotwinned metal nanopillars. Nature Nanotechnology, 7(9):594–601. https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2012.116
Li L, Ghoniem NM, 2009. Twin-size effects on the deformation of nanotwinned copper. Physical Review B, 79(7):075444. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.79.075444
Li YP, Zhang GP, 2010. On plasticity and fracture of nanostructured Cu/X (X=Au, Cr) multilayers: the effects of length scale and interface/boundary. Acta Materialia, 58(11):3877–3887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2010.03.042
Li YS, Tao NR, Lu K, 2008. Microstructural evolution and nanostructure formation in copper during dynamic plastic deformation at cryogenic temperatures. Acta Materialia, 56(2):230–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2007.09.020
Lu K, Lu L, Suresh S, 2009. Strengthening materials by engineering coherent internal boundaries at the nanoscale. Science, 324(5925):349–352. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1159610
Lu L, Shen YF, Chen XH, et al., 2004. Ultrahigh strength and high electrical conductivity in copper. Science, 304(5669):422–426. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1092905
Lu L, Chen X, Huang X, et al., 2009. Revealing the maximum strength in nanotwinned copper. Science, 323(5914):607–610. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1167641
Lu QH, You ZS, Huang XX, et al., 2017. Dependence of dislocation structure on orientation and slip systems in highly oriented nanotwinned Cu. Acta Materialia, 127:85–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2017.01.016
Ma E, Wang YM, Lu QH, et al., 2004. Strain hardening and large tensile elongation in ultrahigh-strength nano-twinned copper. Applied Physics Letters, 85(21):4932–4934. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1814431
Misra A, Hirth JP, Hoagland RG, 2005. Length-scale-dependent deformation mechanisms in incoherent metallic multilayered composites. Acta Materialia, 53(18):4817–4824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2005.06.025
Mughrabi H, Höppel HW, 2010. Cyclic deformation and fatigue properties of very fine-grained metals and alloys. International Journal of Fatigue, 32(9):1413–1427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2009.10.007
Nix WD, 1998. Yielding and strain hardening of thin metal films on substrates. Scripta Materialia, 39(4–5):545–554. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6462(98)00195-x
Pan QS, Lu QH, Lu L, 2013. Fatigue behavior of columnar-grained Cu with preferentially oriented nanoscale twins. Acta Materialia, 61(4):1383–1393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2012.11.015
Pan QS, Zhou HF, Lu QH, et al., 2017. History-independent cyclic response of nanotwinned metals. Nature, 551(7679):214–217. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature24266
Pan QS, Zhou HF, Lu QH, et al., 2019. Asymmetric cyclic response of tensile pre-deformed Cu with highly oriented nanoscale twins. Acta Materialia, 175:477–486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2019.06.026
Pineau A, Benzerga AA, Pardoen T, 2016. Failure of metals III: fracture and fatigue of nanostructured metallic materials. Acta Materialia, 107:508–544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2015.07.049
Qin EW, Lu L, Tao NR, et al., 2009. Enhanced fracture toughness of bulk nanocrystalline Cu with embedded nanoscale twins. Scripta Materialia, 60(7):539–542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2008.12.012
Shute CJ, Myers BD, Xie S, et al., 2011. Detwinning, damage and crack initiation during cyclic loading of Cu samples containing aligned nanotwins. Acta Materialia, 59(11):4569–4577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2011.04.002
Tian YJ, Xu B, Yu DL, et al., 2013. Ultrahard nanotwinned cubic boron nitride. Nature, 493(7432):385–388. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11728
Wang J, Li N, Anderoglu O, et al., 2010. Detwinning mechanisms for growth twins in face-centered cubic metals. Acta Materialia, 58(6):2262–2270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2009.12.013.
Wang JW, Sansoz F, Huang JY, et al., 2013. Near-ideal theoretical strength in gold nanowires containing angstrom scale twins. Nature Communications, 4:1742. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2768
Was GS, Foecke T, 1996. Deformation and fracture in microlaminates. Thin Solid Films, 286(1–2):1–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6090(96)08905-5
Wu ZX, Zhang YW, Srolovitz DJ, 2009. Dislocation-twin interaction mechanisms for ultrahigh strength and ductility in nanotwinned metals. Acta Materialia, 57(15):4508–4518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2009.06.015
Yan FK, Liu GZ, Tao NR, et al., 2012. Strength and ductility of 316L austenitic stainless steel strengthened by nanoscale twin bundles. Acta Materialia, 60(3):1059–1071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2011.11.009
Yan FK, Tao NR, Archie F, et al., 2014. Deformation mechanisms in an austenitic single-phase duplex microstructured steel with nanotwinned grains. Acta Materialia, 81:487–500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2014.08.054
You ZS, Lu L, Lu K, 2011. Tensile behavior of columnar grained Cu with preferentially oriented nanoscale twins. Acta Materialia, 59(18):6927–6937. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2011.07.044
Zhang X, Wang H, Chen XH, et al., 2006. High-strength sputter-deposited Cu foils with preferred orientation of nanoscale growth twins. Applied Physics Letters, 88(17):173116. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2198482
Zhang Y, Tao NR, Lu K, 2011. Effects of stacking fault energy, strain rate and temperature on microstructure and strength of nanostructured Cu-Al alloys subjected to plastic deformation. Acta Materialia, 59(15):6048–6058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2011.06.013
Zhou HF, Gao HJ, 2015. A plastic deformation mechanism by necklace dislocations near crack-like defects in nanotwinned metals. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 82(7):071015. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4030417
Zhou HF, Qu SX, Yang W, 2010. Toughening by nano-scaled twin boundaries in nanocrystals. Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering, 18(6):065002. https://doi.org/10.1088/0965-0393/18/6/065002
Zhou HF, Li XY, Qu SX, et al., 2014. A jogged dislocation governed strengthening mechanism in nanotwinned metals. Nano Letters, 14(9):5075–5080. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl501755q
Zhu T, Gao HJ, 2012. Plastic deformation mechanism in nanotwinned metals: an insight from molecular dynamics and mechanistic modeling. Scripta Materialia, 66(11):843–848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2012.01.031
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Haofei ZHOU conducted the literature survey, wrote the first draft of the manuscript, and revised and edited the final version. Pan-pan ZHU assisted with the literature survey, and document delivery and arrangement. Haofei ZHOU and Pan-pan ZHU read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Additional information
Conflict of interest
Haofei ZHOU and Pan-pan ZHU declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11902289) and the Hundred Talents Program of Zhejiang University, China
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhou, H., Zhu, Pp. Correlated necklace dislocations in highly oriented nanotwinned metals. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. A 21, 294–303 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A1900637
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A1900637
Key words
- Nanotwinned (NT) metals
- Correlated necklace dislocation (CND)
- Twin boundary (TB)
- Size effect
- Cyclic response