Abstract
The sound insulation performance of railway car body structures is critical for the control of rail vehicle interior noise. In sound transmission loss (STL) measurements, a niche with a large depth is necessary to allow for mounting the wide range of thicknesses of railway car body panels and for the mechanical isolation of the two rooms. In this study, two typical interior floor panels are tested in a series of mounting conditions and mechanical boundary conditions. The change of STL results during measurement is also predicted by an STL prediction model based on the finite element method. At lower frequencies, the STL results are influenced by both the mounting positions and the mechanical boundary conditions. At higher frequencies, the STL results are mainly influenced by the mechanical boundary conditions. Differences between the panel in the infinite baffle and niches at the resonance and off-resonance frequencies are different. Considering both the effects of mounting positions and mechanical boundary conditions, the existence of the cavity amplifies the STL difference caused by the mechanical boundary conditions.
概要
目 的
轨道列车车体结构的隔声性能对于控制轨道列车的内部噪声至关重要. 在测试车体结构隔声特性时, 声学实验室中存在很深的洞口, 以便安装不同厚度的车体结构样件, 并实现发声室和接收室 的机械隔离. 样件越小, 安装位置和边界条件对处在洞口中的板件结构的隔声特性的影响越大. 本文旨在评估两种因素对结构隔声特性的影响, 以解释真实结构的测试结果, 并为实验室设计提供参考.
创新点
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1.
在实验室中测试了两种典型的轨道列车车体内地板结构在不同安装位置和不同边界条件下的隔声特性;
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2.
基于有限元法, 建立了板件结构隔声特性预测模型, 成功模拟了测试过程中的安装位置和边界条件, 并对试验测试结果进行了再现和分析.
方 法
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1.
在实验室中, 基于声压法测试两种内地板结构的隔声特性, 并对比分析两种内地板结构在三种安装位置 (两种边界条件) 下的隔声特性 (图 7 和 9);
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2.
通过仿真模拟, 基于有限元法建立内地板结构的隔声特性预测模型, 并对模型进行验证 (图 14) 以及对试验测试结果进行再现 (图 13);
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3.
结合验证后的仿真预测模型, 对比分析洞口 (图 15~18)、 位置 (图 19) 以及边界条件 (图 20~24) 对隔声特性的影响.
结 论
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1.
隔声测试结果受安装位置和边界条件共同影响, 且边界条件在高频的影响更为显著;
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2.
如果单独考虑安装位置, 那么受洞口中前后声腔的影响, 隔声结果在共振频率和非共振频率的规律不同;
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3.
如果单独考虑边界条件, 那么当边界条件发生变化时, 隔声低谷会向高频或低频偏移, 导致不同边界条件之间的隔声结果存在差异;
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4.
如果同时考虑安装位置和边界条件, 那么洞口的存在会放大不同边界条件之间的隔声差异;
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5.
因为很难在实际测试中完全模拟轨道列车车体结构的安装位置和边界条件, 所以在实验室测试时, 建议选择几组不同的安装位置和边界条件, 并对测试结果取平均值.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Yu-mei ZHANG and Ye LI (Southwest Jiaotong University, China) for their assistance in conducting the experiment, and Heng-yu WANG and Ji-ping DU (Southwest Jiaotong University, China) for their assistance in preparation of the manuscript.
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Dan YAO designed the research, finished the numerical simulations, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Jie ZHANG and Xin-biao XIAO helped to organize the manuscript. Rui-qian WANG finished the experiments. Dan YAO and Jie ZHANG revised and edited the final version.
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Dan YAO, Jie ZHANG, Rui-qian WANG, and Xin-biao XIAO declare that they have no conflict of interest.
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Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFE0205200) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U1834201)
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Yao, D., Zhang, J., Wang, Rq. et al. Effects of mounting positions and boundary conditions on the sound transmission loss of panels in a niche. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. A 21, 129–146 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A1900494
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A1900494