Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effects of vegetation type on water infiltration in a three-layer cover system using recycled concrete

植物种类对由建筑垃圾构筑而成的三层土覆盖层系统防渗特性的影响研究

  • Published:
Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This article has been updated

Abstract

To promote environmental sustainability, recycled construction concrete is suggested for civil infrastructure works. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vegetation type on water infiltration under extreme rainfall conditions in a proposed three-layer landfill cover system containing recycled concrete. Three soil columns, namely bare, covered with shrub (Schefflera arboricola), and covered with grass (Cynodon dactylon), were subjected to ponding tests. Each column was compacted with a bottom layer of silty soil, an intermediate layer of coarse recycled concrete aggregate, and an upper layer of fine recycled concrete aggregate. Water breakthrough occurred only in the bare cover system after 48 h of ponding, equivalent to a rainfall return period of greater than 1000 years in Hong Kong. Under the vegetated covers, suction maintained in the bottom silty soil layer was higher than under the bare cover by 49–52 kPa and hence no percolation was observed after 48 h of ponding. Comparing the two vegetated cover systems, suction maintained under the shrub cover was 2–12 kPa higher (2%–8% lower volumetric water content) than that under the grassed cover in the layers of recycled concrete. This implies that shrub cover can be more effective than grass cover in reducing water infiltration in humid climates.

中文概要

目的

为提高资源重复利用率,建筑垃圾常常被回收、 粉碎并重新应用在土木工程建设中。本文旨在将 回收建筑垃圾骨料应用于三层土覆盖层系统,并 研究植物对其防渗特性的影响。

创新点

1. 提出一种由建筑垃圾构筑而成的三层土覆盖层 系统;2. 对比灌木、草以及裸土3 种工况下该覆 盖层的防渗特性。

方法

1. 采用一维土柱渗透试验研究由建筑垃圾构筑而 成的三层土覆盖层系统的防渗特性。2. 分别模拟 灌木、草和裸土3 种植被覆盖情况。3. 移栽植物 并养护,而后进行降雨试验,对比3 种植被覆盖 层的吸力响应及水分渗入。

结论

1. 在干旱条件下,蒸腾作用的大小顺序为:灌木> 草>裸土,因为植物可以将更多的水分从覆盖层 中释放到大气中;2. 在极端降雨条件下,相比裸 土覆盖层,植被覆盖层可以更好地保持吸力并阻 止渗滤液的产生,且灌木比草效果更佳;3. 在极 端降雨条件下,由建筑垃圾构筑而成的植被型三 层土覆盖系统是一种理想覆盖层,可以在湿润地 区有效防止雨水下渗而进入垃圾体。

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Change history

  • 13 April 2024

    The first author's name displayed has been corrected

References

  • Albright WH, Benson CH, Gee GW, et al., 2004. Field water balance of landfill final covers. Journal of Environmental Quality, 33(6): 2317–2332. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.2317

    Google Scholar 

  • ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), 2006. Standard Test Method for Permeability of Granular Soils (Constant Head), ASTM D2434–68. ASTM, West Conshohocken, USA. https://doi.org/10.1520/D2434–68R06

    Google Scholar 

  • ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), 2007. Standard Test Method for Particle–size Analysis of Soils, ASTM D422–63. ASTM, West Conshohocken, USA. https://doi.org/10.1520/D0422–63R07E02

    Google Scholar 

  • ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), 2010. Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer, ASTM D854–10. ASTM, West Conshohocken, USA. https://doi.org/10.1520/D0854–10

    Google Scholar 

  • ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), 2010. Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils, ASTM D4318–10. ASTM, West Conshohocken, USA. https://doi.org/10.1520/D4318–10

    Google Scholar 

  • ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), 2010. Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter, ASTM D5084–10. ASTM, West Conshohocken, USA. https://doi.org/10.1520/D5084–10

    Google Scholar 

  • ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), 2011. Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System), ASTM D2487–11. ASTM, West Conshohocken, USA. https://doi.org/10.1520/D2487–11

    Google Scholar 

  • ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), 2012. Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft–lbf/ft3 (600 kN–m/m3)), ASTM D698–12e2. ASTM, West Conshohocken, USA. https://doi.org/10.1520/D0698–12E02

    Google Scholar 

  • ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), 2016. Standard Test Methods for Determination of the Soil Water Characteristic Curve for Desorption Using Hanging Column, Pressure Extractor, Chilled Mirror Hygrometer, or Centrifuge, ASTM D6836–16. ASTM, West Conshohocken, USA. https://doi.org/10.1520/D6836–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnswell KD, Dwyer DF, 2011. Assessing the performance of evapotranspiration covers for municipal solid waste landfills in Northwestern Ohio. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 137(4): 301–305. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943–7870.0000326

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnswell KD, Dwyer DF, 2012. Two–year performance by evapotranspiration covers for municipal solid waste landfills in Northwest Ohio. Waste Management, 32(12): 2336–2341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2012.07.014

    Google Scholar 

  • EPD (Environmental Protection Department), 2003. Homepage of Environmental Protection Department. EPD. http://www.info.gov.hk/epd

    Google Scholar 

  • Garg A, Leung AK, Ng CWW, 2015. Comparisons of soil suction induced by evapotranspiration and transpiration of S. heptaphylla. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 52(12): 2149–2155. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj–2014–0425

    Google Scholar 

  • GCO (Geotechnical Control Office), 2000. Geotechnical Manual for Slopes. Engineering Development Department, Hong Kong, China.

    Google Scholar 

  • GEO (Geotechnical Engineering Office), 2011. Technical Guidelines on Landscape Treatment for Slopes. GEO, Hong Kong, China.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harnas FR, Rahardjo H, Leong EC, et al., 2016. Physical model for the investigation of capillary–barrier performance made using recycled asphalt. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 39(6): 977–990. https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ20150084

    Google Scholar 

  • Hauser VL, Weand BL, Gill MD, 2001. Natural covers for landfills and buried waste. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 127(9): 768–775. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733–9372(2001)127:9(768)

    Google Scholar 

  • Leung AK, Garg A, Ng CWW, 2015a. Effects of plant roots on soil–water retention and induced suction in vegetated soil. Engineering Geology, 193:183–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.04.017

    Google Scholar 

  • Leung AK, Garg A, Coo JL, et al., 2015. Effects of the roots of Cynodon dactylon and Schefflera heptaphylla on water infiltration rate and soil hydraulic conductivity. Hydrological Processes, 29(15): 3342–3354. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10452

    Google Scholar 

  • Limbachiya MC, Koulouris A, Roberts JJ, et al., 2004. Performance of recycled aggregate concrete. Proceedings of RILEM International Symposium on Environment–Conscious Materials and Systems for Sustainable Development, p.127–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCartney JS, Zornberg JG, 2010. Effects of infiltration and evaporation on geosynthetic capillary barrier performance. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 47(1): 1201–1213. https://doi.org/10.1139/T10–024

    Google Scholar 

  • Moon S, Nam K, Kim JY, et al., 2008. Effectiveness of compacted soil liner as a gas barrier layer in the landfill final cover system. Waste Management, 28(10): 1909–1914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.08.021

    Google Scholar 

  • Ng CWW, Pang YW, 2000. Influence of stress state on soil–water characteristics and slope stability. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 126(2): 157–166. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1090–0241(2000)126:2(157)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ng CWW, Menzies B, 2007. Advanced Unsaturated Soil Mechanics and Engineering. Taylor & Francis, London, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ng CWW, Leung AK, 2012. Measurements of drying and wetting permeability functions using a new stresscontrollable soil column. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 138(1): 58–68. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943–5606.0000560

    Google Scholar 

  • Ng CWW, Woon KX, Leung AK, et al., 2013. Experimental investigation of induced suction distribution in a grasscovered soil. Ecological Engineering, 52:219–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.11.013

    Google Scholar 

  • Ng CWW, Leung AK, Woon KX, 2014. Effects of soil density on grass–induced suction distributions in compacted soil subjected to rainfall. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 51(3): 311–321. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj–2013–0221

    Google Scholar 

  • Ng CWW, Liu J, Chen R, et al., 2015. Numerical parametric study of an alternative three–layer capillary barrier cover system. Environmental Earth Sciences, 74(5): 4419–4429. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665–015–4462–z

    Google Scholar 

  • Ng CWW, Ni JJ, Leung AK, et al., 2016a. Effects of planting density on tree growth and induced soil suction. Géotechnique, 66(9): 711–724. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.15.P.196

    Google Scholar 

  • Ng CWW, Ni JJ, Leung AK, et al., 2016b. A new and simple water retention model for root–permeated soils. Géotechnique Letters, 6(1): 106–111. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgele.15.00187

    Google Scholar 

  • Ng CWW, Garg A, Leung AK, et al., 2016c. Relationships between leaf and root area indices and soil suction induced during drying–wetting cycles. Ecological Engineering, 91:113–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.02.005

    Google Scholar 

  • Ng CWW, Coo JL, Chen ZK, et al., 2016. Water infiltration into a new three–layer landfill cover system. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 142(5): 4419–4429. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943–7870.0001074

    Google Scholar 

  • Ni JJ, Leung AK, Ng CWW, et al., 2017. Investigation of plant growth and transpiration–induced matric suction under mixed grass–tree conditions. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 54(4): 561–573. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj–2016–0226

    Google Scholar 

  • Ni JJ, Leung AK, Ng CWW, 2018. Modelling effects of root growth and decay on soil water retention and permeability. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, in press. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj–2018–0402

    Google Scholar 

  • Pollen-Bankhead N, Simon A, 2010. Hydrologic and hydraulic effects of riparian root networks on streambank stability: is mechanical root–reinforcement the whole story? Geomorphology, 116(3–4): 353–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.11.013

    Google Scholar 

  • Poon CS, Qiao XC, Chan D, 2006. The cause and influence of self–cementing properties of fine recycled concrete aggregates on the properties of unbound sub–base. Waste Management, 26(10): 1166–1172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2005.12.013

    Google Scholar 

  • Rahardjo H, Tami D, Leong EC, 2006. Effectiveness of sloping capillary barriers under high precipitation rates. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Problematic Soils, p.39–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rahardjo H, Krisdani H, Leong EC, 2007. Application of unsaturated soil mechanics in capillary barrier system. Proceedings of the 3rd Asian Conference on Unsaturated Soils, p.127–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rahardjo H, Vilayvong K, Leong EC, 2011. Water characteristic curves of recycled materials. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 34(1): 89–96. https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ103177

    Google Scholar 

  • Rahardjo H, Santoso VA, Leong EC, et al., 2012. Performance of an instrumented slope covered by a capillary barrier system. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 138(4): 481–490. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943–5606.0000600

    Google Scholar 

  • Rahardjo H, Satyanaga A, Harnas FR, et al., 2013. Capillary barrier system for landfill capping. In: Manassero M, Dominijanni A, Foti S, et al. (Eds.), Coupled Phenomena in Environmental Geotechnics. CRC Press, London, UK, p.425.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rahardjo H, Santoso VA, Leong EC, et al., 2013. Use of recycled crushed concrete and Secudrain in capillary barriers for slope stabilization. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 50(6): 662–673. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj–2012–0035

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramaswamy SD, Murthy CK, Nagaraj TS, 1983. Use of waste materials and industrial by–products in concrete construction. In: Concrete Technology and Design, New Concrete Materials. Surrey University Press, Guildford, UK, p.137–169.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross B, 1990. The diversion capacity of capillary barriers. Water Resources Research, 26(10): 2625–2629. https://doi.org/10.1029/WR026i010p02625

    Google Scholar 

  • Soilmoisture Equipment Corporatio, 2009. Model 2100F Soilmoisture Probe Operation Instructions. Soilmoisture Equipment Corporation, Santa Barbara, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Dijk B, 2018. Design of suction foundations. Journal of Zhejiang University–SCIENCE A (Applied Physics & Engineering), 19(8): 579–599. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A1700465

    Google Scholar 

  • Wan Y, Xue Q, Liu L, et al., 2016. The role of roots in the stability of landfill clay covers under the effect of dry–wet cycles. Environmental Earth Sciences, 75:71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665–015–4876–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang WJ, Sun C, Qiu QW, 2016. Characterizing of a capillary barrier evapotranspirative cover under high precipitation conditions. Environmental Earth Sciences, 75:513. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665–015–5214–9

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China

    Charles W. W. Ng, Bang-wen Lu, Jun-jun Ni & Hao-wen Guo

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China

    Yun-min Chen

  3. Department of Urban and Civil Engineering, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China

    Rui Chen

Authors
  1. Charles W. W. Ng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Bang-wen Lu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jun-jun Ni
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yun-min Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Rui Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Hao-wen Guo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jun-jun Ni.

Additional information

Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51778166), the National Basic Research Program (973 Program) of China (No. 2012CB719805), the Research Grant Awarded by the Research Grants Council of the Government of the Hong Kong SAR, China (No. HKUST6/CRF/12R), and the Research Grant Provided by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission (No. JCYJ 20170307150330877), China

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ng, C.W.W., Lu, Bw., Ni, Jj. et al. Effects of vegetation type on water infiltration in a three-layer cover system using recycled concrete. J. Zhejiang Univ. - Sci. A 20, 1–9 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A1800373

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A1800373

Key words

CLC number

关键词

Search

Navigation