Skip to main content
Log in

Anticancer effects of Chinese herbal medicine, science or myth?

  • Review
  • Published:
Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Currently there is considerable interest among oncologists to find anticancer drugs in Chinese herbal medicine (CHM). In the past, clinical data showed that some herbs possessed anticancer properties, but western scientists have doubted the scientific validity of CHM due to the lack of scientific evidence from their perspective. Recently there have been encouraging results, from a western perspective, in the cancer research field regarding the anticancer effects of CHM. Experiments showed that CHM played its anticancer role by inducing apoptosis and differentiation, enhancing the immune system, inhibiting angiogenesis, reversing multidrug resistance (MDR), etc. Clinical trials demonstrated that CHM could improve survival, increase tumor response, improve quality of life, or reduce chemotherapy toxicity, although much remained to be determined regarding the objective effects of CHM in human in the context of clinical trials. Interestingly, both laboratory experiments and clinical trials have demonstrated that when combined with chemotherapy, CHM could raise the efficacy level and lower toxic reactions. These facts raised the feasibility of the combination of herbal medicines and chemotherapy, although much remained to be investigated in this area.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Attele, A.S., Wu, J.A., Yuan, C.S., 1999. Ginseng pharmacology: multiple constituents and multiple actions. Biochem. Pharmacol., 58(11):1685–1693. [doi:10.1016/S0006-2952(99)00212-9]

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cha, Y.Y., Lee, E.O., Lee, H.J., Park, Y.D., Ko, S.G., Kim, D.H., Kim, H.M., Kang, I.C., Kim, S.H., 2004. Methylene chloride fraction of Scutellaria barbata induces apoptosis in human U937 leukemia cells via the mitochondrial signaling pathway. Clin. Chim. Acta, 348(1–2):41–48. [doi:10.1016/j.cccn.2004.04.013]

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chan, T.Y., Tam, H.P., Lai, C.K., Chan, A.Y., 2005. A multidisciplinary approach to the toxicologic problems associated with the use of herbal medicines. Ther. Drug Monit., 27(1):53–57. [doi:10.1097/00007691-200502000-00011]

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, G.Q., Zhu, J., Shi, X.G., Ni, J.H., Zhong, H.J., Si, G.Y., Jin, X.L., Tang, W., Li, X.S., Xong, S.M., et al., 1996. In vitro studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia: As2O3 induces NB4 cell apoptosis with downregulation of Bcl-2 expression and modulation of PML-RAR alpha/PML proteins. Blood, 88(3):1052–1061.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, R.C., Su, J.H., Ouyang, G.L., Cai, K.X., Li, J.Q., Xie, X.G., 2002a. Induction of differentiation in human hepatocarcinoma cells by isoverbascoside. Planta Med., 68(4):370–372. [doi:10.1055/s-2002-26759]

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Q., Peng, W., Qi, S., Xu, A., 2002b. Apoptosis of human highly metastatic lung cancer cell line 95-D induced by acutiaporberine, a novel bisakaloid derived from Thalictrum acutifolium. Planta Med., 68(6):550–553. [doi:10.1055/s-2002-32546]

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, Y.L., Chang, W.L., Lee, S.C., Liu, Y.G., Lin, H.C., Chen, C.J., Yen, C.Y., Yu, D.S., Lin, S.Z., Harn, H.J., 2003a. Acetone extract of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium inhibits proliferation of A549 human lung cancer cells via inducing apoptosis and suppressing telomerase activity. Life Sci., 73(18):2383–2394. [doi:10.1016/S0024-3205(03)00648-9]

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, K.F., Leung, K.S., Leung, P.C., 2003b. Interactions between modern and Chinese medicinal drugs: a general review. Am. J. Chin. Med., 31(2):163–169. [doi:10.1142/S0192415X0300093X]

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Efferth, T., Davey, M., Olbrich, A., Rucker, G., Gebhart, E., Davey, R., 2002. Activity of drugs from traditional Chinese medicine toward sensitive and MDR1-or MRP1-overexpressing multidrug-resistant human CCRF-CEM leukemia cells. Blood Cells Mol. Dis., 28(2):160–168. [doi:10.1006/bcmd.2002.0492]

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frese, S., Pirnia, F., Miescher, D., Krajewski, S., Borner, M.M., Reed, J.C., Schmid, R.A., 2003. PG490-mediated sensitization of lung cancer cells to Apo2L/TRAIL-induced apoptosis requires activation of ERK2. Oncogene, 22(35):5427–5435. [doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1206842]

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayashi, I., Ohotsuki, M., Suzuki, I., Watanabe, T., 2001. Effects of oral administration of Echinacea purpurea (American herb) on incidence of spontaneous leukemia caused by recombinant leukemia viruses in AKR/J mice. Nihon Rinsho Meneki Gakkai Kaishi, 24(1):10–20.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hong-Fen, L., Waisman, T., Maimon, Y., Shakhar, K., Rosenne, E., Ben-Eliyahu, S., 2001. The effects of a Chinese herb formula, anti-cancer number one (ACNO), on NK cell activity and tumor metastasis in rats. Int. Immunopharmacol., 1(11):1947–1956. [doi:10.1016/S1567-5769(01)00120-5]

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hsieh, T.C., Lu, X., Guo, J., Xiong, W., Kunicki, J., Darzynkiewicz, Z., Wu, J.M., 2002. Effects of herbal preparation Equiguard on hormone-responsive and hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma cells: mechanistic studies. Int. J. Oncol., 20(4):681–689.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hsieh, C.C., Lin, W.C., Lee, M.R., Hsu, S.L., Liu, H.S., Kao, S.T., Hsieh, M.T., 2003. Dang-Gui-Bu-Xai-Tang modulated the immunity of tumor bearing mice. Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol., 25(2):259–271. [doi:10.1081/IPH-120020474]

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, Y.H., Zhang, S.H., Zhen, R.X., Xu, X.D., Zhen, Y.S., 2004. Asiaticoside inducing apoptosis of tumor cells and enhancing anti-tumor activity of vincristine. Ai Zheng, 23(12):1599–1604 (in Chinese).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huh, J.E., Kang, K.S., Ahn, K.S., Kim, D.H., Saiki, I., Kim, S.H., 2003. Mylabris phalerlata induces apoptosis by caspase activation following cytochrome c release and Bid cleavage. Life Sci., 73(17):2249–2262. [doi:10.1016/S0024-3205(03)00568-X]

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iizuka, N., Hazama, S., Yoshimura, K., Yoshino, S., Tangoku, A., Miyamoto, K., Okita, K., Oka, M., 2002. Anti-cachectic effects of the natural herb Coptidis rhizoma and berberine on mice bearing colon 26/clone 20 adenocarcinoma. Int. J. Cancer, 99(2):286–291. [doi:10.1002/ijc.10338]

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ikezoe, T., Chen, S., Saito, T., Asou, H., Kyo, T., Tanosaki, S., Heber, D., Taguchi, H., Koeffler, H.P., 2003a. PC-SPES decreases proliferation and induces differentiation and apoptosis of human acute myeloid leukemia cells. Int. J. Oncol., 23(4):1203–1211.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ikezoe, T., Chen, S.S., Yang, Y., Heber, D., Taguchi, H., Koeffler, H.P., 2003b. PC-SPES: molecular mechanism to induce apoptosis and down-regulate expression of PSA in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. Int. J. Oncol., 23(5):1461–1470.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li, D.P., 2001. Progresses in basic studies of anticancer mechanisms of Kanglaite injection (KLT). Zhong Yao Xin Yao Yu Lin Chuang Yao Li, 12(2):122–124 (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin, S.Y., Liu, J.D., Chang, H.C., Yeh, S.D., Lin, C.H., Lee, W.S., 2002. Magnolol suppresses proliferation of cultured human colon and liver cancer cells by inhibiting DNA synthesis and activating apoptosis. J. Cell Biochem., 84(3):532–544. [doi:10.1002/jcb.10059]

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, J., Dong, H.F., Oppenheim, J.J., Howard, O.M., 2003. Effects of astragali radix on the growth of different cancer cell lines. World J. Gastroenterol., 9(4):670–673.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ma, J., Fu, N.Y., Pang, D.B., Wu, W.Y., Xu, A.L., 2001. Apoptosis induced by isoliquiritigenin in human gastric cancer MGC-803 cells. Planta Med., 67(8):754–757.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mabed, M., El-Helw, L., Shamaa, S., 2004. Phase II study of viscum fraxini-2 in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Br. J. Cancer, 90(1):65–69. [doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6601463]

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oh, W.K., Kantoff, P.W., Weinberg, V., Jones, G., Rini, B.I., Derynck, M.K., Bok, R., Smith, M.R., Bubley, G.J., Rosen, R.T., et al., 2004. Prospective, multicenter, randomized phase II trial of the herbal supplement, PC-SPES, and diethylstilbestrol in patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer. J. Clin. Oncol., 22(18):3705–3712. [doi:10.1200/JCO.2004.10.195]

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Piao, B.K., Wang, Y.X., Xie, G.R., Mansmann, U., Matthes, H., Beuth, J., Lin, H.S., 2004. Impact of complementary mistletoe extract treatment on quality of life in breast, ovarian and non-small cell lung cancer patients. A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. Anticancer Res., 24(1):303–309.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plouzek, C.A., Ciolino, H.P., Clarke, R., Yeh, G.C., 1999. Inhibition of P-glycoprotein activity and reversal of multidrug resistance in vitro by rosemary extract. Eur. J. Cancer, 35(10):1541–1545. [doi:10.1016/S0959-8049(99)00180-X]

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Powell, C.B., Fung, P., Jackson, J., Dall’Era, J., Lewkowicz, D., Cohen, I., Smith-McCune, K., 2003. Aqueous extract of herba Scutellaria barbatae, a chinese herb used for ovarian cancer, induces apoptosis of ovarian cancer cell lines. Gynecol. Oncol., 91(2):332–340. [doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2003.07.004]

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Semiglasov, V.F., Stepula, V.V., Dudov, A., Lehmacher, W., Mengs, U., 2004. The standardised mistletoe extract PS76A2 improves QoL in patients with breast cancer receiving adjuvant CMF chemotherapy: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicentre clinical trial. Anticancer Res., 24(2C):1293–1302.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shen, Z.X., Shi, Z.Z., Fang, J., Gu, B.W., Li, J.M., Zhu, Y.M., Shi, J.Y., Zheng, P.Z., Yan, H., Liu, Y.F., et al., 2004. All-trans retinoic acid/As2O3 combination yields a high quality remission and survival in newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 101(15):5328–5335. [doi:10.1073/pnas.0400053101]

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soignet, S.L., Maslak, P., Wang, Z.G., Jhanwar, S., Calleja, E., Dardashti, L.J., Corso, D., DeBlasio, A., Gabrilove, J., Scheinberg, D.A., et al., 1998. Complete remission after treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia with arsenic trioxide. N. Engl. J. Med., 339(19):1341–1348. [doi:10.1056/NEJM199811053391901]

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takeda, Y., Togashi, H., Matsuo, T., Shinzawa, H., Takeda, Y., Takahashi, T., 2001. Growth inhibition and apoptosis of gastric cancer cell lines by Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge. J. Gastroenterol., 36(2):79–90. [doi:10.1007/s005350170135]

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsai, Y.J., Chen, I.L., Horng, L.Y., Wu, R.T., 2002. Induction of differentiation in rat C6 glioma cells with Saikosaponins. Phytother. Res., 16(2):117–121. [doi:10.1002/ptr.752]

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wartenberg, M., Budde, P., de Marees, M., Grunheck, F., Tsang, S.Y., Huang, Y., Chen, Z.Y., Hescheler, J., Sauer, H., 2003. Inhibition of tumor-induced angiogenesis and matrix-metalloproteinase expression in confrontation cultures of embryoid bodies and tumor spheroids by plant ingredients used in traditional chinese medicine. Lab. Invest., 83(1):87–98. [doi: 10.1097/01.LAB.0000049348.51663.2F]

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler, R.H., Busby, L., Samlowski, W., Gerard, R., 2003. Phase I Study of Kanglaite (KLT) a Botanical Product Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine. Presented at American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL.

  • Xue, T., Roy, R., 2003. Studying traditional Chinese medicine. Science, 300(5620):740–741. [doi:10.1126/science.300.5620.740]

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, L.L., Lee, C.Y., Yen, K.Y., 2000. Induction of apoptosis by hydrolyzable tannins from Eugenia jambos L. on human leukemia cells. Cancer Lett., 157(1):65–75. [doi:10.1016/S0304-3835(00)00477-8]

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yeh, C.W., Chen, W.J., Chiang, C.T., Lin-Shiau, S.Y., Lin, J.K., 2003. Suppression of fatty acid synthase in MCF-7 breast cancer cells by tea and tea polyphenols: a possible mechanism for their hypolipidemic effects. Pharmacogenomics J., 3(5):267–276.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, D.Y., Wu, J., Ye, F., Xue, L., Jiang, S., Yi, J., Zhang, W., Wei, H., Sung, M., Wang, W., et al., 2003. Inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and prostaglandin E2 synthesis by Scutellaria baicalensis. Cancer Res., 63(14):4037–4043.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhong, L., Chen, F., Han, J., Shao, N., Ouyang, R., 2003. Effects of red orpiment on cell morphology and expression of PML mRNA and protein in NB4 and HL-60 cells. Chin. Med. J., 116(1):148–150.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lai Mao-de.

Additional information

Project (No. 011107607) supported by the Science and Technology Foundation Grant of Zhejiang Province, China

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ruan, Wj., Lai, Md. & Zhou, Jg. Anticancer effects of Chinese herbal medicine, science or myth?. J. Zhejiang Univ. - Sci. B 7, 1006–1014 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2006.B1006

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2006.B1006

Key words

CLC number

Navigation