Abstract
Objective: This study is aimed at exploring the relationship between hemodynamic changes and depressive and anxious symptom in depression patients. Methods: The cardiac function indices including the left stroke index (LSI), ejection fraction (EF), heart rate (HR), diastolic pressure mean (DPM), systolic pressure mean (SPM), left ventricle end-diastolic volume (LVDV), effective circulating volume (ECV), resistance total mean (RTM) and blood flow smooth degree (BFSD) were determined in 65 patients with major depressive disorders and 31 healthy normal controls. The clinical symptoms were assessed with Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) and Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA). Results: In patients with depression without anxiety, LSI, EF, LVDV, DPM, SPM, ECV, BFSD were significantly lower than those in controls, while RTM was higher than that in controls. Patients with comorbidity of depression and anxiety showed decreased LVDV, ECV, BFSD, and increased HR in comparison with the controls. The anxiety/somatization factor score positively correlated with LSI, EF, LVDV, but negatively correlated with RTM. There was negative correlation between retardation factor score and DPM, SPM, LVDV. Conclusion: The study indicated that there are noticeable changes in left ventricle preload and afterload, blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and microcirculation in depressive patients, and that the accompanying anxiety makes the changes more complicated.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Agelink, M.W., Majewski, T., Wurthmann, C., Postert, T., Linka, T., Klieser, E., 2001. Autonomic neurocardiac function in patients with major depression and effects of antidepressive treatment with nefazodone. J. Affect. Disord., 62(3):187–198. [doi:10.1016/S0165-0327(99)00202-5]
Black, S.A., Markides, K.S., 1999. Depressive symptoms and mortality in older Mexican Americans. Ann. Epidemiol., 9(1):45–52. [doi:10.1016/S1047-2797(98)00025-8]
Carney, R.M., Freediand, K.E., Veith, R.C., Cryer, P.E., Skala, J.A., Lynch, T., Jaffe, A.S., 1999. Major depression, heart rate, and plasma norepinephrine in patients with coronary heart disease. Biol. Psychiatry, 45(4):458–463. [doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00049-3]
Cohen, H., Benjamin, J., Geva, A.B., Matar, M.A., Kaplan, Z., Kotler, M., 2000. Autonomic dysregulation in panic disorder and in post-traumatic stress disorder: application of power spectrum analysis of heart tate variability at rest and response to recollection of trauma or panic attacks. Psychiatry Res., 96(1):1–13. [doi:10.1016/S0165-1781(00)00195-5]
Gerra, G., Zaimovic, A., Zambelli, U., Timpano, M., Reali, N., Bernasconi, S., Brambilla, F., 2000. Neuroendocrine responses to psychological stress in adolescents with anxiety disorder. Neuropsychobiology, 42(2):82–92. [doi:10.1159/000026677]
Laghrissi-Thode, F., Wagner, W.R., Pollock, B.G., Johnson, P.C., Finkel, M.S., 1997. Elevated platelet factor 4 and beta-thromboglobulin plasma levels in depressed patients with ischemic heart disease. Biol. Psychiatry, 42(4):290–295. [doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(96)00345-9]
Lespérance, F., Frasure-Smith, N., Theroux, P., Irwin, M., 2004. The association between major depression and levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein in patients with recent acute coronary syndromes. Am. J. Psychiatry, 161(2):271–277. [doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.271]
Light, K.C., Kothandapani, R.V., Allen, M.T., 1998. Enhanced cardiovascular and catecholamine responses in women with depressive symptoms. Int. J. Psychophysiol., 28(2):157–166. [doi:10.1016/S0167-8760(97)00093-7]
Nutt, D.M., 1997. Management of patients with depression associated with anxiety symptoms. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 58(Suppl 8):11–16.
Olusi, S.O., Fido, A.A., 1996. Serum lipid concentrations in patients with major depressive disorder. Biol. Psychiatry, 40(11):1128–1131. [doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(95)00599-4]
Penninx, B.W., Beekman, A.T., Honig, A., Deeg, D.J., Schoevers, R.A., van Eijk, J.T., van Tilburg, W., 2001. Depression and cardiac mortality: results from a community-based longitudinal study. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 58(3):221–227. [doi:10.1001/archpsyc.58.3.221]
Stein, P.K., Crney, R.M., Freedland, K.E., Skala, J.A., Jaffe, A.S., Kleiger, R.E., Rottman, J.N., 2000. Severe depression is associated with markedly reduced heart rate variability in patients with stable coronary heart disease. J. Psychosom. Res., 48(4-5):493–500. [doi:10.1016/S0022-3999(99)00085-9]
Thornton, L.A., 2001. Depression in post-acute myocardial infarction patients. J. Am. Acad. Nurse Pract., 13(8):364–367.
Yeragani, V.K., Pohl, R., Srinivasan, K., Balon, R., Ramesh, C., Berchou, R., 1995. Effects of isoproterenol infusions on heart rate variability in patients with panic disorder. Psychiatry Res., 56(3):289–293. [doi:10.1016/0165-1781(95)02608-Y]
Zhang, M.F., Lou, F.Q., 1998. Investigation of risk factors in 95 patients with decreasing ejection fraction. Chin. J. Cardiac. Func., 10(3):160–162 (in Chinese).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ma, Y., Li, Hc., Zheng, Ll. et al. Hemodynamic changes in depressive patients. J. Zhejiang Univ. - Sci. B 7, 133–137 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2006.B0133
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2006.B0133