Abstract
Quaternion algebra has been used to apply the fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) to color images in a comprehensive approach. However, the discrete fractional random transform (DFRNT) with adequate basic randomness remains to be examined. This paper presents a novel multistage privacy system for color medical images based on discrete quaternion fractional Fourier transform (DQFrFT) watermarking and three-dimensional chaotic logistic map (3D-CLM) encryption. First, we describe quaternion DFRNT (QDFRNT), which generalizes DFRNT to handle quaternion signals effectively, and then use QDFRNT to perform color medical image adaptive watermarking. To efficiently evaluate QDFRNT, this study derives the relationship between the QDFRNT of a quaternion signal and the four components of the DFRNT signal. Moreover, it uses the human vision system’s (HVS) masking qualities of edge, texture, and color tone immediately from the color host image to adaptively modify the watermark strength for each block in the color medical image using the QDFRNT-based adaptive watermarking and support vector machine (SVM) techniques. The limitations of watermark embedding are also explained to conserve watermarking energy. Second, 3D-CLM encryption is employed to improve the system’s security and efficiency, allowing it to be used as a multistage privacy system. The proposed security system is effective against many types of channel noise attacks, according to simulation results.
摘要
四元数代数已被应用于分数阶傅里叶变换(FrFT), 形成了一种彩色图像处理的常用方法. 然而, 具有充分基本随机性的离散分数阶随机变换(DFRNT)仍有待研究. 本文提出一种基于离散四元数分数阶傅里叶变换(DQFrFT)水印和三维混沌逻辑映射(3D-CLM)加密的彩色医学图像多级隐私系统. 首先, 描述了四元数DFRNT(QDFRNT), 其将DFRNT推广用于四元数信号的有效处理, 然后将QDFRNT应用于彩色医学图像自适应水印. 为有效评估QDFRNT, 本文推导了QDFRNT四元数信号与DFRNT信号4个分量之间的关系. 利用人眼视觉系统(HVS)对彩色宿主图像边缘、 纹理和色调的即时掩蔽性, 以及QDFRNT彩色医学图像自适应水印和支持向量机(SVM)技术, 自适应调整每个块的水印强度. 此外, 讨论了水印嵌入的约束条件, 保持水印能量. 其次, 采用3D-CLM加密提高系统安全性和效率, 使其可以作为多级隐私系统. 仿真结果表明, 所提出的安全系统能有效抵御多种类型的信道噪声攻击.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
References
Abdelwahab KM, El-Atty SMA, El-Saied M, et al., 2020. Efficient SVD-based audio watermarking technique in FRT domain. Multim Tools Appl, 79(9):5617–5648. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-08023-z
Al-Afandy KA, El-Shafai W, El-Rabaie ESM, et al., 2018. Robust hybrid watermarking techniques for different color imaging systems. Multim Tools Appl, 77(19):25709–25759. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-018-5814-y
Alarifi A, Sankar S, Altameem T, et al., 2020a. A novel hybrid cryptosystem for secure streaming of high efficiency H.265 compressed videos in IoT multimedia applications. IEEE Access, 8:128548–128573. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3008644
Alarifi A, Amoon M, Aly MH, et al., 2020b. Optical PTFT asymmetric cryptosystem-based secure and efficient cancelable biometric recognition system. IEEE Access, 8:221246–221268. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3043689
Algarni AD, El Banby G, Ismail S, et al., 2020. Discrete transforms and matrix rotation based cancelable face and fingerprint recognition for biometric security applications. Entropy, 22(12):1361. https://doi.org/10.3390/e22121361
Almomani I, Alkhayer A, El-Shafai W, 2022a. A crypto-steganography approach for hiding ransomware within HEVC streams in Android IoT devices. Sensors, 22(6):2281. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22062281
Almomani I, AlKhayer A, El-Shafai W, 2022b. Novel ransomware hiding model using HEVC steganography approach. Comput Mater Contin, 70(1):1209–1228. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2022.018631
Alqahtani F, Amoon M, El-Shafai W, 2022. A fractional Fourier based medical image authentication approach. Comput Mater Contin, 70(2):3133–3150. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2022.020454
Arab A, Rostami MJ, Ghavami B, 2019. An image encryption method based on chaos system and AES algorithm. J Supercomput, 75(10):6663–6682. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-019-02878-7
Belazi A, Talha M, Kharbech S, et al., 2019. Novel medical image encryption scheme based on chaos and DNA encoding. IEEE Access, 7:36667–36681. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2906292
Chen BJ, Zhou CF, Jeon B, et al., 2018. Quaternion discrete fractional random transform for color image adaptive watermarking. Multim Tools Appl, 77(16):20809–20837. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-017-5511-2
Daoui A, Yamni M, Karmouni H, et al., 2022. Biomedical multimedia encryption by fractional-order Meixner polynomials map and quaternion fractional-order Meixner moments. IEEE Access, 10:102599–102617. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3203067
Duan CF, Zhou J, Gong LH, et al., 2022. New color image encryption scheme based on multi-parameter fractional discrete Tchebyshev moments and nonlinear fractal permutation method. Opt Lasers Eng, 150:106881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2021.106881
Elashry IF, El-Shafai W, Hasan ES, et al., 2020. Efficient chaotic-based image cryptosystem with different modes of operation. Multim Tools Appl, 79(29):20665–20687. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-08322-5
El-Meadawy SA, Farghal AE, Shalaby HMH, et al., 2021. Efficient and secure bit-level chaos security algorithm for orbital angular momentum modulation in free-space optical communications. IEEE Access, 9:74817–74835. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3074894
El-Shafai W, 2015. Joint adaptive pre-processing resilience and post-processing concealment schemes for 3D video transmission. 3D Res, 6(1):10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13319-015-0042-y
El-Shafai W, Hemdan EED, 2021. Robust and efficient multilevel security framework for color medical images in telehealthcare services. J Amb Intell Human Comput, 14:3675–3690. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-021-03494-1
El-Shafai W, El-Rabaie S, El-Halawany M, et al., 2017. Enhancement of wireless 3D video communication using color-plus-depth error restoration algorithms and Bayesian Kalman filtering. Wirel Pers Commun, 97(1):245–268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-017-4503-x
El-Shafai W, El-Rabaie S, El-Halawany MM, et al., 2018a. Efficient hybrid watermarking schemes for robust and secure 3D-MVC communication. Int J Commun Syst, 31(4):e3478. https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.3478
El-Shafai W, El-Rabaie ESM, El-Halawany M, et al., 2018b. Efficient multi-level security for robust 3D color-plus-depth HEVC. Multim Tools Appl, 77(23):30911–30937. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-018-6036-z
El-Shafai W, El-Rabaie S, El-Halawany MM, et al., 2018c. Recursive Bayesian filtering-based error concealment scheme for 3D video communication over severely lossy wireless channels. Circ Syst Signal Process, 37(11):4810–4841. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-018-0786-8
El-Shafai W, El-Rabaie S, El-Halawany MM, et al., 2019. Security of 3D-HEVC transmission based on fusion and watermarking techniques. Multim Tools Appl, 78(19):27211–27244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-7448-0
El-Shafai W, Almomani IM, Alkhayer A, 2021a. Optical bit-plane-based 3D-JST cryptography algorithm with cascaded 2D-FrFT encryption for efficient and secure HEVC communication. IEEE Access, 9:35004–35026. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3062403
El-Shafai W, Khallaf F, El-Rabaie ESM, et al., 2021b. Robust medical image encryption based on DNA-chaos cryptosystem for secure telemedicine and healthcare applications. J Amb Intell Human Comput, 12(10):9007–9035. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-020-02597-5
El-Shafai W, Mesrega AK, Ahmed HEH, et al., 2022a. An efficient multimedia compression-encryption scheme using latin squares for securing Internet-of-things networks. J Inform Secur Appl, 64:103039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jisa.2021.103039
El-Shafai W, Khallaf F, El-Rabaie ESM, et al., 2022b. Proposed neural SAE-based medical image cryptography framework using deep extracted features for smart IoT healthcare applications. Neur Comput Appl, 34(13):10629–10653. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-022-06994-z
El-Shafai W, Khallaf F, El-Rabaie ESM, et al., 2022c. Proposed 3D chaos-based medical image cryptosystem for secure cloud-IoMT eHealth communication services. J Amb Intell Human Comput, p.1–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-022-03832-x
Faragallah OS, Alzain MA, El-Sayed HS, et al., 2019. Block-based optical color image encryption based on double random phase encoding. IEEE Access, 7:4184–4194. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2879857
Faragallah OS, Afifi A, El-Shafai W, et al., 2020a. Investigation of chaotic image encryption in spatial and FrFT domains for cybersecurity applications. IEEE Access, 8:42491–42503. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2974226
Faragallah OS, Afifi A, El-Sayed HS, et al., 2020b. Efficient HEVC integrity verification scheme for multimedia cyber-security applications. IEEE Access, 8:167069–167089. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3019840
Faragallah OS, AlZain MA, El-Sayed HS, et al., 2020c. Secure color image cryptosystem based on chaotic logistic in the FrFT domain. Multim Tools Appl, 79(3):2495–2519. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-08190-z
Faragallah OS, El-Sayed HS, Afifi A, et al., 2021. Efficient and secure opto-cryptosystem for color images using 2D logistic-based fractional Fourier transform. Opt Lasers Eng, 137:106333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2020.106333
Faragallah OS, El-Shafai W, Sallam AI, et al., 2022. Cybersecurity framework of hybrid watermarking and selective encryption for secure HEVC communication. J Amb Intell Human Comput, 13(2):1215–1239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-020-02832-z
Huang ZW, Zhou NR, 2022. Image encryption scheme based on discrete cosine Stockwell transform and DNA-level modulus diffusion. Opt Laser Technol, 149:107879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2022.107879
Jin LH, Song EM, Li L, et al., 2013. A quaternion gradient operator for color image edge detection. IEEE Int Conf on Image Processing, p.3040–3044. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIP.2013.6738626
Khafaga DS, Karim FK, Darwish MM, et al., 2022. Robust zero-watermarking of color medical images using multichannel Gaussian-Hermite moments and 1D Chebyshev chaotic map. Sensors, 22(15):5612. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155612
Khan M, Masood F, 2019. A novel chaotic image encryption technique based on multiple discrete dynamical maps. Multim Tools Appl, 78(18):26203–26222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-07818-4
Pandey R, Gamit N, Naik S, 2014. Non-destructive quality grading of mango (Mangifera Indica L) based on CIELab colour model and size. IEEE Int Conf on Advanced Communications, Control and Computing Technologies, p.1246–1251. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACCCT.2014.7019298
Salah E, Amine K, Redouane K, et al., 2021. A Fourier transform based audio watermarking algorithm. Appl Acoust, 172:107652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2020.107652
Siam AI, Almaiah MA, Al-Zahrani A, et al., 2021. Secure health monitoring communication systems based on IoT and cloud computing for medical emergency applications. Comput Intell Neurosci, 2021:8016525. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8016525
Soliman NF, Khalil MI, Algarni AD, et al., 2021. Efficient HEVC steganography approach based on audio compression and encryption in QFFT domain for secure multimedia communication. Multim Tools Appl, 80(3):4789–4823. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-09881-8
Urynbassarova D, Teali AA, Zhang F, 2022. Discrete quaternion linear canonical transform. Dig Signal Process, 122:103361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsp.2021.103361
Wang H, Hu XJ, Xu H, et al., 2019. No-reference quality assessment method for blurriness of SEM micrographs with multiple texture. Scanning, 2019:4271761. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4271761
Wen WY, Zhang YS, Fang YM, et al., 2016. A novel selective image encryption method based on saliency detection. Visual Communications and Image Processing, p.1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/VCIP.2016.7805456
Yamni M, Karmouni H, Sayyouri M, et al., 2021. Robust zero-watermarking scheme based on novel quaternion radial fractional Charlier moments. Multim Tools Appl, 80(14):21679–21708. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-10717-2
Zhang XC, Wang LF, Zhou Z, et al., 2019. A chaos-based image encryption technique utilizing Hilbert curves and H-fractals. IEEE Access, 7:74734–74746. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2921309
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors designed the research. Fatma KHALLAF, Walid EL-SHAFAI, and Naglaa F. SOLIMAN processed the data and drafted the paper. Fatma KHALLAF and Walid EL-SHAFAI helped organize the paper. Walid EL-SHAFAI, El-Sayed M. EL-RABAIE, Naglaa F. SOLIMAN, and Fathi E. Abd EL-SAMIE revised and finalized the paper.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Fatma KHALLAF, Walid EL-SHAFAI, El-Sayed M. EL-RABAIE, Naglaa F. SOLIMAN, and Fathi E. Abd EL-SAMIE declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Project supported by the Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project (No. PNURSP2023R66)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Khallaf, F., El-Shafai, W., El-Rabaie, ES.M. et al. A novel hybrid cryptosystem based on DQFrFT watermarking and 3D-CLM encryption for healthcare services. Front Inform Technol Electron Eng 24, 1045–1061 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.2200372
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.2200372
Key words
- Color medical image
- Quaternion
- Adaptive watermarking
- Encryption
- Fractional transform
- Three-dimensional chaotic logistic map (3D-CLM)