Abstract
Cabled ocean networks with tree or ring topologies play an important role in real-time ocean exploration. Due to the time-consuming need for field maintenance, cable switching technology that can actively switch the power on/off on certain branches of the network becomes essential for enhancing the reliability and availability of the network. In this paper, a novel switching-control method is proposed, in which we invert the power transmission polarity and use the current on the power line as the digital signal at low frequency to broadcast information with the address and commands to the network, and the corresponding branching unit (BU) can decode and execute the switching commands. The cable’s parasitic parameters, the network scale, and the number of BUs, as the influencing factors of the communication frequency on the power line, are theoretically studied and simulated. An optimized frequency that balances the executing accuracy and rate is calculated and proved on a simulated prototype. The results showed that the cable switching technology with optimized frequency can enhance the switching accuracy and configuring rate.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aguzzi J, Mànuel A, Condal F, et al., 2011. The new seafloor observatory (OBSEA) for remote and long-term coastal ecosystem monitoring. Sensors, 11(6):5850–5872. https://doi.org/10.3390/s110605850
Araújo ARJ, Silva RC, Kurokawa S, 2014. Comparing lumped and distributed parameters models in transmission lines during transient conditions. IEEE PES T&D Conf and Exposition, p. 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2014.6863477
Barnes CR, Best MMR, Johnson FR, et al., 2013. Challenges, benefits, and opportunities in installing and operating cabled ocean observatories: perspectives from NEPTUNE Canada. IEEE J Ocean Eng, 38(1):144–157. https://doi.org/10.1109/JOE.2012.2212751
Chan T, Liu CC, Howe BM, et al., 2007. Fault location for the NEPTUNE power system. IEEE Trans Power Syst, 22(2): 522–531. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2007.894855
Chen YH, Yang CJ, Li DJ, et al., 2013. Study on 10 kVDC powered junction box for a cabled ocean observatory system. China Ocean Eng, 27(2):265–275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13344-013-0023-y
Chen YH, Howe BM, Yang CJ, 2015. Actively controllable switching for tree topology seafloor observation networks. IEEE J Ocean Eng, 40(4):993–1002. https://doi.org/10.1109/JOE.2014.2362830
El-Sharkawi MA, Upadhye A, Lu S, et al., 2005. North east pacific time-integrated undersea networked experiments (NEPTUNE): cable switching and protection. IEEE J Ocean Eng, 30(1):232–240. https://doi.org/10.1109/JOE.2004.839938
Hishiki K, Fujiwara N, Katayama T, et al., 2016. Power distribution system for multidisciplinary seafloor observatory junction box. Techno-Ocean, p. 325–328. https://doi.org/10.1109/Techno-Ocean.2016.7890671
Hsiao NC, Lin TW, Hsu SK, et al., 2014. Improvement of earthquake locations with the Marine Cable Hosted Observatory (MACHO) offshore NE Taiwan. Mar Geophys Res, 35(3):327–336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11001-013-9207-3
Hsu SK, Lee CS, Shin TC, et al., 2007. Marine Cable Hosted Observatory (MACHO) project in Taiwan. Int Symp on Underwater Technology and Workshop on Scientific Use of Submarine Cables and Related Technologies, p. 305–307. https://doi.org/10.1109/UT.2007.370808
Kawaguchi K, Kaneda Y, Araki E, 2008. The DONET: a real-time seafloor research infrastructure for the precise earthquake and tsunami monitoring. MTS/IEEE Kobe Techno-Ocean, p. 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANSKOBE.2008.4530918
Kawaguchi K, Araki E, Kogure Y, et al., 2013. Development of DONET2-off Kii chanel observatory network. IEEE Int Underwater Technology Symp, p. 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/UT.2013.6519844
Liao Y, 2009. Some algorithms for transmission line parameter estimation. 41st Southeastern Symp on System Theory, p. 127–132. https://doi.org/10.1109/SSST.2009.4806781
Lu S, Shuai L, 2006. Infrastructure, Operations, and Circuits Design of an Undersea Power System. PhD Thesis, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
Ma SC, Xu BY, Bo ZQ, et al., 2009. The research on lumped parameter equivalent circuit of transmission line. 8th Int Conf on Advances in Power System Control, Operation and Management, p.194. https://doi.org/10.1049/cp.2009.1820
Meng H, Chen S, Guan YL, et al., 2004. Modeling of transfer characteristics for the broadband power line communication channel. IEEE Trans Power Del, 19(3):1057–1064. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2004.824430
Qu FZ, Wang ZD, Song H, et al., 2015. A study on a cabled seafloor observatory. IEEE Intell Syst, 30(1):66–69. https://doi.org/10.1109/MIS.2015.9
Righini D, Passerini F, Tonello AM, 2018. Modeling transmission and radiation effects when exploiting power line networks for communication. IEEE Trans Electromagn Compat, 60(1):59–67. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMC.2017.2728370
Schneider K, Liu CC, 2005. Topology error identification for the NEPTUNE power system using an artificial neural network. IEEE PES Power Systems Conf and Exposition, p. 94–99. https://doi.org/10.1109/PSCE.2004.1397439
Sheng H, Li Y, Chen YQ, 2011. Application of numerical inverse Laplace transform algorithms in fractional calculus. J Franklin Inst, 348(2):315–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfranklin.2010.11.009
Song YJ, Breitholtz C, 2016. Nyquist stability analysis of an AC-grid connected VSC-HVDC system using a distributed parameter DC cable model. IEEE Trans Power Del, 31(2):898–907. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2015.2501459
Sun H, Jin ZJ, Kim MG, et al., 2011. Equivalent-circuit modeling for multilayer capacitors based on coupled transmission-line theory. IEEE Trans Compon Pack Manuf Technol, 1(5):731–741. https://doi.org/10.1109/tcpmt.2011.2115241
Zhang F, Chen YH, Li DJ, et al., 2015. A double-node star network coastal ocean observatory. Mar Technol Soc J, 49(1):59–70. https://doi.org/10.4031/MTSJ.49.1.7
Zhang ZF, Chen YH, Li DJ, et al., 2018. Use of a coded voltage signal for cable switching and fault isolation in cabled seafloor observatories. Front Inform Technol Electron Eng, 19(11):1328–1339. https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.1601843
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Zhongtian Technology Submarine Cable Co., Ltd., for suggestions and providing the parameters of the submarine cable.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Yan-hu CHEN, Yu-jia ZANG, Jia-jie YAO, and Gul MUHAMMAD declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51409229)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chen, Yh., Zang, Yj., Yao, Jj. et al. Optimal communication frequency for switching cabled ocean networks with commands carried over the power line. Frontiers Inf Technol Electronic Eng 20, 1331–1343 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.1900125
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.1900125