Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Flexural behavior of RC beams strengthened by enlarging the member size using cementitious grout: experimental and theoretical study

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Materials and Structures Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper presents an experimental and theoretical investigation of the flexural strengthening of undamaged reinforced concrete beams by enlarging the member size using cementitious grout. Four-point bending tests were conducted on nine beams, namely, one control beam, four beams strengthened in the compressive zone, and four beams strengthened in the tensile zone. The main test parameters include the strengthening position, strengthening thickness, and ratio of the new reinforcement. The test results emphasize the effect of enlarging the member size using cementitious grout in terms of flexural capacity (58.1–116.9% increase in ultimate load), and the ductility of the beam strengthened in the compression zone is better than that of the beam strengthened in the tension zone. In addition, a theoretical calculation formula was developed to predict the flexural capacity of the strengthened beams based on the plane section assumption. A comparison of the experimental and theoretical results indicated that the formula is accurate.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Alexander Newman PE (2021) Structural renovation of buildings: methods, details, and design examples, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill Education

    Google Scholar 

  2. Zhang X, Li A, Zhao K (2011) Advances in assessment and retrofitting of building structures. Eng Mech 28:1–11

    Google Scholar 

  3. Foraboschi P (2019) Bending load-carrying capacity of reinforced concrete beams subjected to premature failure. Materials 12:3085. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12193085

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Park R, Paulay T (1991) Reinforced concrete structures. Wiley

    Google Scholar 

  5. Niu W, Song X, Zhang T, Jiang Y (2013) Case analysis of a reinforced concrete beam transformation and reinforcement of a building in shunyi district. Ind Constr 43:690–693. https://doi.org/10.13204/j.gyjz2013.s1.095

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. McIsaac A, Fam A (2018) Durability under freeze–thaw cycles of concrete beams retrofitted with externally bonded FRPs using bio-based resins. Constr Build Mater 168:244–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.02.062

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Song Y, Song L, Zhao G (2004) Factors affecting corrosion and approaches for improving durability of ocean reinforced concrete structures. Ocean Eng 31:779–789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2003.07.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Val DV (2007) Deterioration of strength of RC beams due to corrosion and its influence on beam reliability. J Struct Eng 133:1297–1306. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2007)133:9(1297)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Yu F, Zhou H, Jiang N et al (2020) Flexural experiment and capacity investigation of CFRP repaired RC beams under heavy pre-damaged level. Constr Build Mater 230:117030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117030

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Huang J, Xing G, Chang Z, Liu B (2021) Flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with near-surface-mounted prestressing screw-threaded steel bars using digital image correlation method. Aci Struct J 118:263–274. https://doi.org/10.14359/51732834

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Gao W, Dai J, Teng J (2017) Fire resistance of RC beams under design fire exposure. Mag Concr Res 69:402–423. https://doi.org/10.1680/jmacr.15.00329

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Tariq F, Bhargava P (2021) Flexural behaviour of corroded RC beams exposed to fire. Structures 33:1366–1375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.05.025

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Vitorino H, Rodrigues H, Couto C (2020) Evaluation of post-earthquake fire capacity of reinforced concrete elements. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 128:105900. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.105900

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Wen B, Zhang L, Wu B, Niu D (2018) Structural performance of earthquake-damaged beams in fire. KSCE J Civ Eng 22:5009–5025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-017-1001-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Foraboschi P (2022) Falling mass bearing capacity of reinforced concrete beams. Eng Fail Anal 138:106396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2022.106396

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Qian H, Zhang Q, Zhang X et al (2022) Experimental investigation on bending behavior of existing RC beam retrofitted with SMA-ECC composites materials. Materials 15:12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15010012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Jumaat MZ, Kabir MH, Obaydullah M (2006) A review of the repair of reinforced concrete beams. J Appl Sci Res 2:317–326

    Google Scholar 

  18. Martinola G, Meda A, Plizzari GA, Rinaldi Z (2010) Strengthening and repair of RC beams with fiber reinforced concrete. Cem Concr Compos 32:731–739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2010.07.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Elsanadedy HM, Almusallam TH, Alsayed SH, Al-Salloum YA (2013) Flexural strengthening of RC beams using textile reinforced mortar: experimental and numerical study. Compos Struct 97:40–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.09.053

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Ebead U, Shrestha KC, Afzal MS et al (2017) Effectiveness of fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix in strengthening reinforced concrete beams. J Compos Constr 21:04016084. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000741

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Ombres L, Verre S (2019) Flexural strengthening of RC beams with steel-reinforced grout: Experimental and numerical investigation. J Compos Constr 23:04019035. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000960

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Foraboschi P (2022) Strengthening of reinforced concrete beams subjected to concentrated loads using externally bonded fiber composite materials. Materials 15:2328. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15062328

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China (2018) Cementitious grout, JC/T 986–2018. China Building Materials Press, Beijing

    Google Scholar 

  24. Shannag MJ (2002) High-performance cementitious grouts for structural repair. Cem Concr Res 32:803–808. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00710-X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Bras A, Gião R, Lúcio V, Chastre C (2013) Development of an injectable grout for concrete repair and strengthening. Cem Concr Compos 37:185–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2012.10.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Zhang J, Pei X, Wang W, He Z (2017) Hydration process and rheological properties of cementitious grouting material. Constr Build Mater 139:221–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.01.111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Peng G, Niu D, Hu X et al (2021) Experimental study of the interfacial bond strength between cementitious grout and normal concrete substrate. Constr Build Mater 273:122057. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.122057

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Peng G, Hu X, Niu D, Zhong S (2022) Complete stress-strain relations of early-aged cementitious grout under compression: experimental study and constitutive model. Materials 15:1238. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15031238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Li Z, Tian S, Ding S (2017) Experimental research and cracking model analysis on cement-based grouting material reinforcement beam. Build Struct 47:80–84. https://doi.org/10.19701/j.jzjg.2017.15.017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Leng Y (2021) Analysis of flexural performance of existing RC beams strengthened by high-strength grouting material. Guilin University of Technology

    Google Scholar 

  31. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China (2010) Code for design of concrete structures, GB 50010-2010. China Architecture and Building Press, Beijing

    Google Scholar 

  32. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China (2013) Code for design of strengthening concrete structure, GB 50367–2013. China Architecture and Building Press, Beijing

    Google Scholar 

  33. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China (2019) Standard for test methods of concrete physical and mechanical properties, GB/T 50081–2019. China Architecture and Building Press, Beijing

    Google Scholar 

  34. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China (2015) Techinical code for application of cementitious grout, GB/T 50448-2015. China Architecture and Building Press, Beijing

    Google Scholar 

  35. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China (2012) Test methods of steel for reinforcement of concrete, GB/T 28900-2012. China Architecture and Building Press, Beijing

    Google Scholar 

  36. Ombres L (2011) Flexural analysis of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with a cement based high strength composite material. Compos Struct 94:143–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2011.07.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Park R (1989) Evaluation of ductility of structures and structural assemblages from laboratory testing. Bull N Z Soc Earthq Eng 22:155–166. https://doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.22.3.155-166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Babaeidarabad S, Loreto G, Nanni A (2014) Flexural strengthening of RC beams with an externally bonded fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix. J Compos Constr 18:04014009. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000473

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51678473, 52078412) and Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of China (Grant No. IRT_17R84) for financial support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, 710055, China

    Xiaopeng Hu, Shuai Zhong, Gang Peng, Pengqi Huang & Jiapen Hou

  2. State Key Laboratory of Green Building in Western China, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, 710055, China

    Xiaopeng Hu

Authors
  1. Xiaopeng Hu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shuai Zhong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Gang Peng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Pengqi Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jiapen Hou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

XH: Conceptualization, funding acquisition, project administration, writing—review and editing. SZ: Conceptualization, methodology, writing—original draft. PH: Data curation. JH: Data curation.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shuai Zhong.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hu, X., Zhong, S., Peng, G. et al. Flexural behavior of RC beams strengthened by enlarging the member size using cementitious grout: experimental and theoretical study. Mater Struct 55, 254 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-022-02093-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-022-02093-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation