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Properties and occurrence of clay resources for use as supplementary cementitious materials: a paper of RILEM TC 282-CCL

  • RILEM TC 282 - CCL, Calcined Clays as Supplementary Cementitious Materials
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Abstract

The use of clays as resource of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) for a new generation of low-carbon cements and concretes is currently the subject of intense research efforts. To this purpose, a large number of clay resources have been explored, characterized and evaluated. This paper introduces the basic knowledge and concepts on clay occurrence and clay mineralogy, before presenting up-to-date knowledge on properties and occurrence of clay resources suitable for use as SCMs. Occurrence, distribution and chemical and mineralogical selection criteria are discussed for kaolinitic clays, which often show superior reactivity and performance. 2:1 clay mineral resources have received somewhat less attention as SCM resources, however recent developments indicate significant potential for calcined impure common clays, and are reviewed. An overview of ubiquitous clay mineral-bearing waste materials also identifies important opportunities for alternative clay sourcing in mining or extraction residues, and dredged or excavated sediments.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank all members of RILEM TC-282 CCL for their insight during the preparation and reviewing of this paper. The authors would also like to acknowledge the support and practical contributions of Professor Dr. José Fernando Martirena to the section regarding kaolinitic clays, as this section grew out from ideas previously developed and presented within his workgroup.

Funding

Participation of Alastair T. Marsh was funded by EPSRC EP/R001642/1. The other authors received no support from any organization for the submitted work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Estudios de Química Aplicada, Universidad Central de Las Villas, Santa Clara, Cuba

    Adrian Alujas Diaz

  2. Instituto Superior Minero Metalúrgico de Moa, Moa, Cuba

    Roger S. Almenares Reyes

  3. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK

    Theodore Hanein

  4. Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, National University of the Center of the Buenos Aires Province, Tandil, Argentina

    Edgardo F. Irassar

  5. Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA

    Maria Juenger

  6. Specialist Technology & Research, Advanced Digital Engineering, ARUP, London, UK

    Fragkoulis Kanavaris

  7. Institut Für Werkstoffe Des Bauwesens, Universität Der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany

    Matthias Maier & Karl-Christian Thienel

  8. School of Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

    Alastair T. Marsh

  9. Sinoma International Engineering Co., Ltd., Beijing, China

    Tongbo Sui & Bin Wang

  10. Department of Geosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

    Luca Valentini

  11. Laboratory of Construction Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

    Franco Zunino

  12. Sustainable Materials, VITO, Mol, Belgium

    Ruben Snellings

Authors
  1. Adrian Alujas Diaz
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  2. Roger S. Almenares Reyes
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  3. Theodore Hanein
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  4. Edgardo F. Irassar
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  5. Maria Juenger
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  6. Fragkoulis Kanavaris
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  7. Matthias Maier
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  8. Alastair T. Marsh
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  9. Tongbo Sui
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  10. Karl-Christian Thienel
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  11. Luca Valentini
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  12. Bin Wang
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  13. Franco Zunino
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  14. Ruben Snellings
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Contributions

Initiation and conceptualisation: AAD and RS; Data provision and processing: AAD and RS; Writing of sections: AAD, RS, TH, EFI, MJ, FK, MM, ATM, TS, K-CT, LV, BW, FZ; Critical revising: AAD, MJ, RSA, RS, K-CT; Coordination, integration and editing: AAD and RS.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Adrian Alujas Diaz.

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The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

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TC Membership

Chair Prof. Fernando Martirena-Hernandez.

Deputy Chair Prof. Manu Santhanam.

Members Sumaiya Afroz, Laith Al-Jaberi, Adrian Alujas Diaz, Francois Avet, Tushar Bansal, Hoda Beltagui, Mohsen Ben Haha, Susan Bernal Lopez, Shashank Bishnoi, Pascal Boustingorry, Mariana Canut, Arnaud Castel, Vinh Dao, Frank Dehn, Yuvaraj Dhandapani, Pascal Dion, Jan Elsen, Gilles Escadeillas, Ivan Escalante-Garcia, Hassan Ez-zaki, Sergio Ferreiro Garzón, Daniel Geddes, Guoqing Geng, Ravindra Gettu, Theodore Hanein, Edgardo Irassar, Roman Jaskulski, Shiju Joseph, Maria C. Garci Juenger, Sri Kalyana Rama Jyosyula, Fragkoulis Kanavaris, Taehwan Kim, Wolfgang Kunther, David Law, Alisa Machner, Matthias Maier, Alastair Marsh, Fernando Martirena Hernandez, Fabrizio Moro, Joseph Mwiti Marangu, Angela Maria Nunes, Katelyn O Quinn, Anuj Parashar, Sol Moi Park, Gabriel Pham, Victor Poussardin, John Provis, Elsa Qoku, Kyle Riding, Roger Samuel Almenares, Manu Santhanam, Karyne Santos, Karen Scrivener, Jorgen Skibsted, Ruben Snellings, Tongbo Sui, Arezki Tagnit-Hamou, Karl-Christian Thienel, Luca Valentini, Oscar Oswaldo Vazquez, Luis Velasquez, Manuel Vieira, Silvia Vieira, Talakokula Visalakshi, Claire White, William Wilson, Kequan Yu, Zengfeng Zhao, Wenzhong Zhu and Franco Zunino.

This paper has been prepared by Working Group 1 within RILEM TC 282-CCL. the paper has been reviewed and approved by all members of the TC.

The contents of this paper reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the validity and accuracy of presented data, and do not necessarily reflect the views of their affiliated organisations.

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Alujas Diaz, A., Almenares Reyes, R.S., Hanein, T. et al. Properties and occurrence of clay resources for use as supplementary cementitious materials: a paper of RILEM TC 282-CCL. Mater Struct 55, 139 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-022-01972-2

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