Abstract
Ultra-high strength concrete (UHSC) has high compressive strength and tends to fail in brittle under axial compression. The lateral confinements of spiral stirrups can be significantly enhanced the ductility of UHSC. However, it was a huge challenge to evaluate the lateral dilation and determine the proper ranges of the volumetric ratio of stirrups in confined UHSC. Seventy-five UHSC circular columns confined with high-strength spiral stirrups were tested under axial compression to reveal strain development of stirrups and determine the proper ranges of the volumetric ratio of stirrups. The parameters investigated include the concrete strength in the range of 99.86–176.42 MPa, the tensile strength of stirrups was 873–1215 MPa and the volumetric ratios of stirrups in the range of 0.9–2.0%. The experimental results showed that both the axial stress–lateral strain curves and the axial strain–lateral strain curves of confined UHSC were consisted of three parts, especially, the axial strain–lateral strain curves were consisted of two linear parts connected with a transition part. The prediction models for the lateral strain–axial strain curves of confined UHSC were established. The strain of stirrups at the peak stress of confined UHSC had close relationships with the compressive strength of concrete and the volumetric ratio of stirrups. The prediction models for the strain of stirrups at the peak stress were proposed. Furthermore, the appropriate volumetric ratio of stirrups in confined UHSC was determined, which the confined UHSC can satisfy the requirements of both ductility and efficient lateral confinements.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Lyu X, Shu GP, Du EF (2020) Parameters effect on predicting fire resistance of ultra-high strength concrete filled protected square steel tubular columns. Int J Steel Struct 20:1783–1795
Song TS, Xiang K (2020) Performance of axially-loaded concrete-filled steel tubular circular columns using ultra-high strength concrete. Structures 96(15):368–377
Oliveira DS, Raiz V, Carrazedo R (2019) Experimental study on normal-strength, high-strength and ultrahigh strength concrete confined by carbon and glass FRP laminates. J Compos Constr 23(1):04018072
Du Y, Xiong MX, Zhu J, Liew JYE (2019) Compressive and flexure behavior of ultra-high strength concrete encased steel members. Steel Compos Struct 33:849–864
Razvi SR, Saatcioglu M (1999) Circular high-strength concrete columns under concentric compression. ACI Struct J 96(5):817–825
Légeron F, Paultre P (2003) Uniaxial confinement model for normal- and high strength concrete columns. J Struct Eng 129(2):241–252
Subramanian N (2011) Design of confinement reinforcement for RC columns. Indian Concr J 2011:1–9
Saleem S, Pimanmas A, Rattanapitikon W (2018) Lateral response of PET FRP-confined concrete. Constr Build Mater 159:390–407
Teng JG, Huang YL, Lam L, Ye LP (2007) Theoretical models for fiber reinforced polymer-confined concrete. J Compos Constr 11(2):201–210
Lim JC, Ozbakkaloglu T (2015) Unified stress–strain model for FRP and actively confined concrete normal-strength and high-strength concrete. J Compos Constr 19(4):04014072
Lokuge WP, Sanjayan JG, Setunge S (2005) Stress–strain model for laterally confined concrete. J Mater Civ Eng 17(6):607–616
Kwan AKH, Dong CX, Ho JCM (2016) Axial and lateral stress–strain model for circular concrete-filled steel tubes with external steel confinement. Eng Struct 117:528–541
Pantelides C, Moran D (2013) Design of FRP jackets for plastic hinge confinement of R/C columns. J Compos Constr 17(4):433–442
Chang W, Zheng WZ (2021) Lateral response of HPC confined by both spiral stirrups and CFRP under axial compression. Mater Struct 54:81
Wu G, Lü ZT, Wu ZS (2006) Strength and ductility of concrete cylinders confined with FRP composites. Constr Build Mater 20(3):134–148
Harries KA, Kharel G (2003) Experimental investigation of the behavior of variably confined concrete. Cem Concr Res 33(6):873–880
Ansari F, Li Q (1998) High-strength concrete subjected to triaxial compression. ACI Mater J 95(6):747–747
Li Q, Ansari F (2000) High-strength concrete in triaxial compression by different size of specimens. ACI Mater J 97:684–768
Chang W, Zheng W, Hao M (2020) Lateral response of ultra-high performance concrete confined with high-strength spiral stirrups. Struct Concr 21(6):2408–2419
Osorio E, Bairán JM, Marí AR (2012) Lateral behavior of concrete under uniaxial compressive cyclic loading. Mater Struct 46:1–16
Wang N, Shi QX, Zheng W, Zheng GD, Wang HL (2019) A uniaxial compressive model for concrete confined with stirrups. J Build Mater 22(6):933–940
Yang K, Shi QX, Jiang WS (2009) Calculation of high-strength lateral ties stress of high-strength confined concrete. In: The 10th national academic conference on basic theory and engineering application of concrete structures. Dalian, pp 421–426
Kou JL, Sun FH, Liang XW, Deng MK (2015) Experimental investigation on axial compression performance of fiber reinforced concrete confined with stirrups. J Buildi Struct 36(7):124–131
Zheng WZ, Hou CC, Chang W (2018) Experimental study on mechanical behavior of circular concrete confined by high-strength spiral stirrups. J Build Struct 39(6):21–31
Saatcioglu M, Razvi SR (1992) Strength and ductility of confined concrete. J Struct Eng 118(6):1590–1607
Nielsen CV (1998) Traxial behavior of high-strength concrete and mortar. ACI Mater J 95(2):144–151
Saatcioglu M, Razvi SR (1999) Circular high-strength concrete columns under concentric compression. ACI Struct J 96(5):1438–1447
Cusson D, Paultre P (1995) (1995) Stress–strain model for confined high-strength concrete. J Struct Eng 121(3):468–477
ACI Committee 318 (2012) Building code requirements for structural concrete. ACI 318. American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills
NZS 3101 (2006) Concrete structure standard, part 1. Standard Association of New Zealand, Wellington
CE-EN 1998-1: Eurocode 8 design of structures for earthquake resistance (2005)
Yang K, Meng H, Shi QX, Zhao JH (2015) Minimum stirrup characteristic values of HSC columns confined with high-strength stirrups. IND Constr 45(6):66–71
Zheng WZ, Hou CC (2016) Design method for confined concrete column with different yield strength stirrups. J Build Struct 37(12):74–82
Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development of the people’s Republic of China, GB/T 50010-2010: Code for design of concrete structures (2010) China Ministry of construction. China Architecture and Building Press, Beijing
China Standardization Administration, GB/T 31387-2015: Reactive Powder Concrete (2015) China Standardization Administration. China Standard Press, Beijing
China Standardization Administration, GB/T 228.1-2012: Metallic materials-Tensile testing-part 1: methods of test at room temperature (2012) China Standardization Administration. China Standard Press, Beijing
Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development of the People’s Republic of China, GB/T 50512–2012: Standard for test method of concrete structures (2012) China Ministry of construction. China Architecture and Building Press, Beijing
Yin P, Huang L, Yan LB, Zhu DJ (2016) Compressive behavior of concrete confined by CFRP and transverse spiral reinforcement. Part A: experimental study. Mater Struct 49:1001–1011
Foster SJ, Attard MM (2001) Strength and ductility of fiber-reinforced high-strength concrete columns. J Struct Eng 127(1):28–34
Guralnick SA, Gunawan L (2009) Design of concrete members subjected to triaxial compression. Pract Period Struct 14(1):43–49
Zaina M, Foster SJ (2005) Testing of concentrically and eccentrically loaded fiber-reinforced HSC columns. University of New South Wales, Sydney
Shin HO, Min KH, Mitchell D (2018) Uniaxial behavior of circular ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete columns confined by spiral reinforcement. Constr Build Mater 168:379–393
Acknowledgements
This research was funded by the National Science Foundation of China (Granted Number 51678190).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chang, W., Zheng, W. & Hao, M. Lateral dilation and limited value of volumetric ratio of stirrups for ultra-high strength concrete confined with spiral stirrups. Mater Struct 54, 125 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-021-01718-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-021-01718-6