Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

On the interaction of Class C fly ash with Portland cement–calcium sulfoaluminate cement binder

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Materials and Structures Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Shrinkage cracking in concrete is a widespread problem, especially in concrete structures with high surface-to-volume ratio such as bridge decks. Expansive cements based on calcium sulfoaluminate phase were developed to mitigate the shrinkage cracking of concrete. The compressive stress induced due to restrained expansion of concrete has been shown to counteract the tensile stress generated during drying shrinkage. This research attempts to address the differential behavior of fly ash type (i.e., Class C vs. Class F) on early-age expansion and hydration characteristics of ordinary Portland cement (OPC)–calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement blend. It was observed earlier that the presence of Class C fly ash (CFA), unlike Class F fly ash, shortened the expansion duration of OPC–CSA cement blend, which was hypothesized to be correlated to early depletion of gypsum. This paper presents a detailed verification of the hypothesis. Addition of external gypsum to OPC–CSA–CFA blend led to simultaneous increase in expansion and disappearance of a shoulder peak in the calorimetric curve. Thermodynamic calculations using a geochemical modeling program (GEMS-PSI) revealed higher saturation levels of ettringite in presence of external gypsum, which led to higher crystallization stress, and thereby increased expansion.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Klein A, Troxell GE (1958) Studies of calcium sulfoaluminate admixtures for expansive cements. Proc Am Soc Test Mater 58:986–1008

    Google Scholar 

  2. Beretka J, De Vito B, Santoro L, Sherman N, Valenti GL (1993) Hydraulic behaviour of calcium sulfoaluminate-based cements derived from industrial process wastes. Cem Concr Res 23:1205–1214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Glasser FP, Zhang L (2001) High-performance cement matrices based on calcium sulfoaluminate–belite compositions. Cem Concr Res 31:1881–1886

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Ardeshirilajimi A, Wu D, Chaunsali P, Mondal P (2017) Effects of presoaked lightweight aggregate on deformation properties of ordinary Portland cement–calcium sulfoaluminate cement blends. ACI Mater J 114(4):643–652

    Google Scholar 

  5. Ardeshirilajimi A, Wu D, Chaunsali P, Mondal P, Chen YT, Rahman MM, Ibrahim A, Lindquist W, Hindi R (2016) Bridge decks: mitigation of cracking and increased durability. Illinois Center for Transportation/Illinois Department of Transportation, Rantoul

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ali MM, Gopal S, Handoo SK (1994) Studies on the formation kinetics of calcium sulphoaluminate. Cem Concr Res 24:715–720

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Valenti G, Santoro L, Garofano R (1987) High-temperature synthesis of calcium sulphoaluminate from phosphogypsum. Thermochim Acta 113:269–275

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Arjunan P, Silsbee MR, Roy DM (1999) Sulfoaluminate–belite cement from low-calcium fly ash and sulfur-rich and other industrial by-products. Cem Concr Res 29:1305–1311

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Chen IA, Juenger MC (2011) Synthesis and hydration of calcium sulfoaluminate–belite cements with varied phase compositions. J Mater Sci 46:2568–2577

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Sharp JH, Lawrence CD, Yang R (1999) Calcium sulfoaluminate cements-low-energy cements, special cements or what? Adv Cem Rec 11:3–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Zhang L (2000) Microstructure and performance of calcium sulfoaluminate cements. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Aberdeen

  12. Winnefeld F, Barlag S (2010) Calorimetric and thermogravimetric study on the influence of calcium sulfate on the hydration of ye’elimite. J Therm Anal Calorim 101:949–957

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Lobo C, Cohen MD (1991) Pore structure development in type K expansive cement pastes. Cem Concr Res 21:229–241

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Bernardo G, Telesca A, Valenti GL (2006) A porosimetric study of calcium sulfoaluminate cement pastes cured at early ages. Cem Concr Res 36:1042–1047

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Winnefeld F, Lothenbach B (2010) Hydration of calcium sulfoaluminate cements—experimental findings and thermodynamic modelling. Cem Concr Res 40:1239–1247

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Telesca A, Marroccoli M, Pace ML, Tomasulo M, Valenti GL, Naik TR (2011) Expansive and non-expansive calcium sulfoaluminate-based cements. In: 13th international congress on the chemistry of cement, Madrid

  17. Telesca A, Marroccoli M, Pace ML, Tomasulo M, Valenti GL, Monteiro PJM (2014) A hydration study of various calcium sulfoaluminate cements. Cem Concr Compos 53:224–232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Le Saoût G, Lothenbach B, Hori A, Higuchi T, Winnefeld F (2013) Hydration of Portland cement with additions of calcium sulfoaluminates. Cem Concr Res 43:81–94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Bianchi M, Canonico F, Capelli L, Pace ML, Telesca A, Valenti GL (2009) Hydration properties of calcium sulfoaluminate–portland cement blends. Special Publication 261:187–200

    Google Scholar 

  20. Chaunsali P, Mondal P (2015) Influence of calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement content on expansion and hydration behavior of various ordinary portland cement-CSA blends. J Am Ceram Soc 98:2617–2624

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Folliard KJ, Ohta M, Rathje E, Collins P (1994) Influence of mineral admixtures on expansive cement mortars. Cem Concr Res 24:424–432

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Garcia-Maté M, De la Torre AG, León-Reina L, Aranda MA, Santacruz I (2013) Hydration studies of calcium sulfoaluminate cements blended with fly ash. Cem Concr Res 54:12–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Živica V (2008) Properties of blended sulfoaluminate belite cement. Constr Build Mater 14:433–437

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Ioannou S, Paine K, Reig L, Quillin K (2015) Performance characteristics of concrete based on a ternary calcium sulfoaluminate–anhydrite–fly ash cement. Cem Concr Compos 55:196–204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Martin LH, Winnefeld F, Tschopp E, Müller CJ, Lothenbach B (2017) Influence of fly ash on the hydration of calcium sulfoaluminate cement. Cem Concr Res 95:152–163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Chaunsali P, Mondal P (2015) Influence of mineral admixtures on early-age behavior of calcium sulfoaluminate cement. ACI Mater J 112:59–68

    Google Scholar 

  27. ASTM C192 (2006) Standard Practice for making and curing concrete test specimens in the laboratory. ASTM International, West Conshohocken

    Google Scholar 

  28. ASTM C215 (2008) Standard test method for fundamental transverse, longitudinal, and torsional resonant frequencies of concrete specimens. ASTM International, West Conshohocken

    Google Scholar 

  29. Day RL, Marsh BK (1988) Measurement of porosity in blended cement pastes. Cem Concr Res 18:63–73

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Rietveld H (1969) A profile refinement method for nuclear and magnetic structures. J Appl Crystallogr 2:65–71

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Barneyback RS, Diamond S (1981) Expression and analysis of pore fluids from hardened cement pastes and mortars. Cem Concr Res 11:279–285

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Wagner T, Kulik DA, Hingerl FF, Dmytrieva SV (2012) GEM-Selektor geochemical modeling package: TSolMod library and data interface for multicomponent phase models. Can Min J 50:1173–1195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Kulik DA, Wagner T, Dmytrieva SV, Kosakowski G, Hingerl FF, Chudnenko KV, Berner UR (2013) GEM-Selektor geochemical modeling package: revised algorithm and GEMS3K numerical kernel for coupled simulation codes. Comput Geosci 17:1–24

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  34. Matschei T, Lothenbach B, Glasser FP (2007) Thermodynamic properties of Portland cement hydrates in the system CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–CaSO4–CaCO3–H2O. Cem Concr Res 37:1379–1410

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Chaunsali P, Mondal P (2016) Physico-chemical interaction between mineral admixtures and OPC–calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cements and its influence on early-age expansion. Cem Concr Res 80:10–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Ping X, Beaudoin JJ (1992) Mechanism of sulphate expansion I. Thermodynamic principle of crystallization pressure. Cem Concr Res 22:631–640

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Flatt RJ, Scherer GW (2008) Thermodynamics of crystallization stresses in DEF. Cem Concr Res 38:325–336

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Bizzozero J, Gosselin C, Scrivener KL (2014) Expansion mechanisms in calcium aluminate and sulfoaluminate systems with calcium sulfate. Cem Concr Res 56:190–202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Correns CW (1949) Growth and dissolution of crystals under linear pressure. Discuss Faraday Soc 5:267–271

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Mackenzie JK (1950) The elastic constants of a solid containing spherical holes. Proc Phys Soc Lond Sect B 63(1):2–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Grasley ZC, Scherer GW, Lange DA, Valenza JJ (2007) Dynamic pressurization method for measuring permeability and modulus: II. Cementitious materials. Mater Struct 40(7):711–721

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by Illinois Center for Transportation (Grant Number: R27-88) and Illinois Department of Transportation to conduct this research. This study was carried in part in the Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory Central Facilities, University of Illinois.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India

    Piyush Chaunsali

  2. Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA

    Ardavan Ardeshirilajimi & Paramita Mondal

  3. Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA

    Paramita Mondal

Authors
  1. Piyush Chaunsali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ardavan Ardeshirilajimi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Paramita Mondal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Paramita Mondal.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declared that they have no conflict of interest.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (XLSX 15 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Chaunsali, P., Ardeshirilajimi, A. & Mondal, P. On the interaction of Class C fly ash with Portland cement–calcium sulfoaluminate cement binder. Mater Struct 51, 131 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-018-1245-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-018-1245-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation