Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Flexural response analysis of passive and active near-surface-mounted joints: experimental and finite element analysis

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Materials and Structures Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The near surface mounted system is considered an innovative strengthening technique used to increase the flexural and shear capacity of RC structures. Although, many researches have been carried out to study the flexural response of NSM joints, further research is still required to cover all the controlling parameters. In this research, the effects of the FRP cross sectional area, end anchoring, and partial bonding of the NSM bars were experimentally investigated. A numerical investigation utilizes the non-linear finite element (FE) modeling was also performed using ANSYS®. Progressive continuum damage mechanics along with the fracture concepts were employed to simulate the damage initiation and propagation at the epoxy-concrete interface. The developed FE models were calibrated and verified using the obtained experimental results. Based on the good agreement obtained between experimental and FE results, the numerical analysis was extended to conduct an extensive parametric investigation. The numerically investigated parameters included the NSM bar length, tensile steel corrosion, concrete compressive strength, Activating/prestressing the NSM reinforcement, and axial stiffness of the prestressed NSM joints.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Parretti R, Nanni A (2004) Strengthening of RC members using near-surface mounted FRP composites: design overview. Adv Struct Eng 7(6):469–483

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. De Lorenzis L, Teng J (2007) Near-surface mounted FRP reinforcement: an emerging technique for strengthening structures. Compos B Eng 38(2):119–143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. De Lorenzis L, Nanni A, La Tegola A (2000) Strengthening of reinforced concrete structures with near surface mounted FRP rods. In: International meeting on composite materials, PLAST, proceedings, advancing with composites

  4. Hassan T, Rizkalla S (2003) Investigation of bond in concrete structures strengthened with near surface mounted carbon fiber reinforced polymer strips. J Compos Constr 7(3):248–257

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Täljsten B, Carolin A, Nordin H (2003) Concrete structures strengthened with near surface mounted reinforcement of CFRP. Adv Struct Eng 6(3):201–213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Hassan T, Rizkalla S (2004) Bond mechanism of NSM FRP bars for flexural strengthening of concrete structures. ACI Struct J 101(6):830–839

    Google Scholar 

  7. El-Hacha R, Rizkalla S (2004) Near-surface-mounted fiber-reinforced polymer reinforcements for flexural strengthening of concrete structures. Struct J 101(5):717–726

    Google Scholar 

  8. Kalayci A, Yalim B, Mirmiran A (2010) Construction tolerances and design parameters for NSM FRP reinforcement in concrete beams. Constr Build Mater 24(10):1821–1829

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Al-Mahmoud F, Castel A, François R, Tourneur C (2010) RC beams strengthened with NSM CFRP rods and modeling of peeling-off failure. Compos Struct 92(8):1920–1930

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Sharaky I, Torres L, Sallam H (2015) Experimental and analytical investigation into the flexural performance of RC beams with partially and fully bonded NSM FRP bars/strips. Compos Struct 122:113–126

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Rasheed H, Harrison R, Peterman R, Alkhrdaji T (2010) Ductile strengthening using externally bonded and near surface mounted composite systems. Compos Struct 92(10):2379–2390

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Reda R, Sharaky I, Ghanem M, Seleem M, Sallam H (2016) Flexural behavior of RC beams strengthened by NSM GFRP Bars having different end conditions. Compos Struct 147:131–142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Rezazadeh M, Barros J, Ramezansefat H (2016) End concrete cover separation in RC structures strengthened in flexure with NSM FRP: analytical design approach. Eng Struct 128:415–427

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Nordin H, Täljsten B (2006) Concrete beams strengthened with prestressed near surface mounted CFRP. J Compos Constr 10(1):60–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Wu Z, Iwashita K, Sun X (2007) Structural performance of RC beams strengthened with prestressed near-surface-mounted CFRP tendons. Spec Publ 245:165–178

    Google Scholar 

  16. Badawi M, Soudki K (2009) Flexural strengthening of RC beams with prestressed NSM CFRP rods–experimental and analytical investigation. Constr Build Mater 23(10):3292–3300

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. El-Hacha R, Gaafar M (2011) Flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete beams using prestressed, near-surface mounted CFRP bars. PCI J 56(4):134–151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Hajihashemi A, Mostofinejad D, Azhari M (2011) Investigation of RC beams strengthened with prestressed NSM CFRP laminates. J Compos Constr 15(6):887–895

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Wahab N, Soudki K, Topper T (2012) Experimental investigation of bond fatigue behavior of concrete beams strengthened with NSM prestressed CFRP rods. J Compos Constr 16(6):684–692

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Wu G, Dong Z, Wu Z, Zhang L (2013) Performance and parametric analysis of flexural strengthening for RC beams with NSM-CFRP bars. J Compos Constr 18(4):04013051

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Rezazadeh M, Costa I, Barros J (2014) Influence of prestress level on NSM CFRP laminates for the flexural strengthening of RC beams. Compos Struct 116:489–500

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Choi H, West J, Soudki K (2011) Partially bonded near-surface-mounted CFRP bars for strengthened concrete T-beams. Constr Build Mater 25(5):2441–2449

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Rezazadeh M, Ramezansefat H, Barros J (2016) NSM CFRP prestressing techniques with strengthening potential for simultaneously enhancing load capacity and ductility performance. J Compos Constr 20(5):04016029

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Omran H, El-Hacha R (2012) Nonlinear 3D finite element modeling of RC beams strengthened with prestressed NSM-CFRP strips. Constr Build Mater 31:74–85

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Hawileh R (2012) 0 Nonlinear finite element modeling of RC beams strengthened with NSM FRP rods. Constr Build Mater 27(1):461–471

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Rezazadeh M et al (2016) Exploring new NSM reinforcements for the flexural strengthening of RC beams: experimental and numerical research. Compos Struct 141:132–145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Sharaky I, Reda R, Ghanem M, Seleem M, Sallam H (2017) Experimental and numerical study of RC beams strengthened with bottom and side NSM GFRP bars having different end conditions. Constr Build Mater 149:882–903

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. ] Kang J, Park Y, Park J, You Y, Jung W (2005) Analytical evaluation of RC beams strengthened with near surface mounted CFRP laminates. In: 7th International symposium: fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement for concrete structures

  29. Al-Mahmoud F, Castel A, François R, Tourneur C (2009) Strengthening of RC members with near-surface mounted CFRP rods. Compos Struct 91(2):138–147

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. ACI 440.3R-12 (2012) Guide for test methods for fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) for reinforcing and strengthening concrete structures. In: ACI committee 440, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI

  31. ASTM C39/C39M (2010) Standard test method for compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens. American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, USA

    Google Scholar 

  32. ASTM A370 (2010) Standard test methods and definitions for mechanical testing of steel produces. American Society for Testing and Materials, Pennsylvania, USA

    Google Scholar 

  33. Sharaky I, Torres L, Comas J, Barris C (2014) Flexural response of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with near surface mounted (NSM) fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) bars. Compos Struct 109:8–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Maruyama T, Honma M, Okamura H (1993) Experimental study on tensile strength of bent portion of FRP rods. Spec Publ 138:163–176

    Google Scholar 

  35. El-Sayed A, El-Salakawy E, Benmokrane B (2007) Mechanical and structural characterization of new carbon FRP stirrups for concrete members. J Compos Constr 11(4):352–362

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Ahmed E, El-Sayed E, El-Salakawy E, Benmokrane B (2009) Bend strength of FRP stirrups: comparison and evaluation of testing methods. J Compos Constr 14(1):3–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Choi H, West J, Soudki K (2010) Effect of partial unbonding on prestressed near-surface-mounted CFRP-strengthened concrete T-beams. J Compos Constr 15(1):93–102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Kachlakev D, Miller T, Yim S, Chansawat K, Potisuk T (2001) Finite element modeling of concrete structures strengthened with FRP laminates. Oregon Department of Transportation, Research Group, Oregon

    Google Scholar 

  39. Chansawat K, Yim S, Miller T (2006) Nonlinear finite element analysis of a FRP-strengthened reinforced concrete bridge. J Bridge Eng 11(1):21–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Hognestad E, Hanson N, McHenry D (1955) Concrete stress distribution in ultimate strength design. J Proc 52:455–480

    Google Scholar 

  41. Willam K, Warnke E (1975) Constitutive model for the triaxial behavior of concrete. International association of bridge and structural engineers. In: Seminar on concrete structure subjected to triaxial stresses, paper III-1, Bergamo, Italy

  42. Alfano G, Crisfield M (2001) Finite element interface models for the delamination analysis of laminated composites: mechanical and computational issues. Int J Numer Methods Eng 50(7):1701–1736

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. CEB-FIP Model Code (1990). Comite Euro-International du Beton. Bulletin D’Information No. 213/214 (Concrete Structures), Lausanne, Switzerland

  44. RILEM Report 14 (1996) Durability design of concrete structures. RILEM Report 14. London: E & FN Spon

  45. De Lorenzis L, Nanni A (2003) Design Procedure of NSM FRP Reinforcement for Strengthening of RC Beams. In: Fibre-reinforced polymer reinforcement for concrete structures (in 2 volumes), World Scientific, pp 1455–1464

  46. Teng JG, Zhang SS, Chen J (2016) Strength model for end cover separation failure in RC beams strengthened with near-surface mounted (NSM) FRP strips. Eng Struct 110:222–232

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, P.O. Box 11566, Cairo, Egypt

    I. S. Shabana, A. Khalil & E. M. Arafa

  2. Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt

    I. A. Sharaky

  3. Housing and Building National Research Center, P.O. Box 1770, Giza, Egypt

    H. S. Hadad

  4. Civil Engineering Department at the University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K2R1, Canada

    I. S. Shabana

Authors
  1. I. S. Shabana
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. I. A. Sharaky
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. Khalil
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. H. S. Hadad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. E. M. Arafa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to I. S. Shabana.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The Authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Shabana, I.S., Sharaky, I.A., Khalil, A. et al. Flexural response analysis of passive and active near-surface-mounted joints: experimental and finite element analysis. Mater Struct 51, 107 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-018-1232-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-018-1232-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation