Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The effect of corrosion inhibitors on the modelling of design lifetime of RC structures

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Materials and Structures Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The presented work aims to study the influence of corrosion inhibitors properties on the design Lifetime of reinforced concrete (RC) structures exposed to carbonation and chlorides environments. The inhibitors analysed are herein designated added admixture corrosion inhibitors and migrating corrosion inhibitors. The implementation of the mathematical models was made using existing experimental data of 6 concrete mixes as regards carbonation diffusion (2 mixes) and chloride migration (4 mixes) as well as experimental results concerning the specific effect of corrosion inhibitors on RC samples. The estimation of the design Lifetime was carried out in face of criteria concerning the probability of failure, as regards corrosion for RC elements, through a probabilistic analysis using the Monte Carlo method. The modelling results show that the use of both inhibitors enhances significantly the performance of RC elements. Additionally, an alternative method using safety factors was carried out considering the required adjustments to account for the influence of corrosion inhibitors.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

c :

Concrete cover

c nom :

Nominal concrete cover

C R :

Chloride threshold by cement weight

C S :

Chloride surface amount by cement weight

D 0 :

Chloride migration coefficient

f c :

Compressive strength

f td :

Tensile strength

I corr :

Corrosion current density

K :

K D,C × K D,H × K D,T

k 0 :

Test parameter

k 1 :

Relative humidity parameter

k 2 :

Curing parameter

K D,C :

Curing parameter for chloride model

K D,H :

Relative humidity parameter for chloride model

K D,T :

Temperature parameter for chloride model

n (CO2):

Influence of soaking/drying over time

n (Cl−):

Ageing factor

R C65 :

Accelerated carbonation resistance

RF:

Reduction factor

SF:

Safety factor

t 0 (CO2):

Reference period = 1 year

t 0 (Cl−):

Testing age chloride model

t i :

Initiation period

t ic :

‘Deterministic’ initiation period in E465

t L :

Design lifetime

t g :

Target period

t p :

Propagation period

w/c :

Water/cement ratio

y :

Radius reduction factor

α:

Factor for uniform or pitting corrosion

ϕ 0 :

Steel bar diameter before corrosion

μ :

Mean value

erf−1 :

Inverse of the error function

References

  1. Tuutti K (1982) Corrosion of steel in concrete. CBI research report no 4.82, Swedish Cement and Concrete Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

  2. ACI 211.1 (1991) Standard practice for selecting proportions for normal, heavyweight and mass concrete. American Concrete Institute, Detroit

  3. DIN 1045 (1988) Beton und stahlbeton, bemebung und konstruktion. Deutsches Institut fuer Normung, Berlin

  4. BS 5328 (1997) Concrete. British Standards Institution, London

  5. NF 18-201 (1993) Travaux de bâtiment—exécution des ouvrages en béton. Cahier des clauses techniques. Association de Normalisation Française

  6. RBLH (1983) Regulation of concrete and hydraulic binders. Decree-Law no 349-C/83. Lisbon (in Portuguese)

  7. ACI (1999) Concrete repair manual, 3rd edn. ICRI, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  8. EN 1504 (2005) Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures—definitions, requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity. CEN, Brussels

  9. Lindvall A (2003) Environmental actions on concrete exposed to marine and road environments and its response. PhD Thesis, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden

  10. Ferreira RM (2004) Probability based durability analysis of concrete structures in marine environment. PhD Thesis, University of Minho, School of Engineering, Guimarães, Portugal

  11. Treadaway KWJ, Russel AD (1968). Highways and public works, vol 36

  12. Craig RJ, Wood LE (1970) Highway research record no 328

  13. Rosenberg AM, Gaidis JM (1979) The mechanism of nitrite inhibition of chloride attack on reinforcing steel in alkaline aqueous environments. Mater Perform 18:45–48

    Google Scholar 

  14. Slater JE (1983) STP818. ASTM, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  15. Berke NS (1987) Effects of calcium nitrite and mix design on the corrosion resistance of steel in concrete (part 2, long-term results). In: Proceeding of the corrosion-87 symposium on corrosion of metals in concrete, Nace, Houston, p 134

  16. Andrade C, Alonso C (1990) Effect of nitrite as a corrosion inhibitor in contaminated and chloride-free carbonated mortars. ACI Mater J 87:130–137

    Google Scholar 

  17. Elsener B (2000) Corrosion inhibitors for steel in concrete. In: International congress of advanced materials, their processes and applications, Munich, Germany

  18. Batis G, Rakanta E, Daflou E (2004) Corrosion protection of steel reinforcement with DMEA in the presence of chloride ions. In: Proceedings of EUROCORR 2004-long term prediction & modelling of corrosion, Nice, France

  19. Nóbrega ACV (2004) Study of corrosion inhibitors recommended for concrete. MSc dissertation, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brasil (in Portuguese)

  20. da Silva D (2006) Study of corrosion inhibitors in reinforced concrete, aiming the enhancement of its durability. PhD Thesis, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brasil (in Portuguese)

  21. NP EN 206-1 (2005) Concrete—part 1: specification, performance, production and conformity. IPQ, Lisbon, Portugal (in Portuguese)

  22. Marques PF, Costa A (2010) Service life of RC structures: carbonation induced corrosion. Prescriptive vs. performance-based methodologies. Constr Build Mater 24(3):258–265

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Marques PF, Costa A, Lanata F (2012) Service life of RC structures: chloride induced corrosion. Prescriptive vs performance-based methodologies. Mater Struct 45:277–296

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Andrade report (2012) Study of the activity of five inhibitors QUIMILOCK before the corrosion due to chlorides. CISDEM, IETcc, Madrid (in Spanish)

  25. Söylev TA, Richardson MG (2008) Corrosion inhibitors for steel in concrete: state-of-the-art report. Constr Build Mater 22(4):609–622

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. EN 1992-1-1-Eurocode 2 (2004) Design of concrete structures. Part 1–1: general rules and rules for buildings. CEN, Brussels

  27. EN 206-1 (2000) Concrete—part 1: specification, performance, production and conformity. CEN, Brussels

  28. LNEC E465 (2007) Concrete. Methodology for estimating the concrete performance properties allowing to comply with the design working life of the reinforced or pre-stressed concrete structures under environmental exposures XC and XS. LNEC, Lisbon, Portugal

  29. CEB Bulletin d’information No 238 (1997) New approach to durability design—an example for carbonation induced corrosion

  30. fib Bulletin 34 (2006) Model code for service life design. Lausanne, Switzerland

  31. DuraCrete (2000) Probabilistic performance based durability design of concrete structures. The European Union—Brite EuRam III, DuraCrete, final technical report of DuraCrete project, Document BE95-1347/R17, CUR, Gouda, Nederland

  32. LIFECON (2003) Life cycle management of concrete infrastructures for improved sustainability. European Community under the competitive and sustainable growth programme. Contract G1RD-CT-2000-00378

  33. LNEC E464 (2007) Concrete. Prescriptive methodology for a design working life of 50 and 100 years. LNEC, Lisbon, Portugal

  34. Elsener B, Büchler M, Stalder F, Böhni H (1999) Migrating corrosion inhibitor blend for reinforced concrete: part I—prevention of corrosion. Corrosion 55(12):1155–1163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Narasimhan H, Chew MYL (2009) Integration of durability with structural design: an optimal life cycle cost based design procedure for reinforced concrete structures. Constr Build Mater 23(2):918–929. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.04.016

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. EN 1990—Eurocode 0 (2002) Bases of structural design. CEN, Brussels

  37. Val DV, Trapper PA (2008) Probabilistic evaluation of initiation time of chloride-induced corrosion. Reliab Eng Syst Saf 93:364–372. doi:10.1016/j.ress.2006.12.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Report 14 RILEM (1996) Durability design of concrete structures. E&FN Spon Press, London

  39. EN 197-1 (2000) Cement—part 1: composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements. CEN, Brussels

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Construction and Environment Section, ESTB – Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, Setúbal, Portugal

    Pedro Faustino & Ana Brás

  2. LEB – Designers and Consultants in Rehabilitation of Constructions, Ltda, Cascais, Portugal

    Pedro Faustino & Thomaz Ripper

Authors
  1. Pedro Faustino
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ana Brás
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Thomaz Ripper
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pedro Faustino.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Faustino, P., Brás, A. & Ripper, T. The effect of corrosion inhibitors on the modelling of design lifetime of RC structures. Mater Struct 48, 1303–1319 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-013-0235-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-013-0235-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation