Abstract
This paper summarizes the test recommendations for selected semi-destructive testing techniques as developed by members of the RILEM Technical Committee AST 215 “In-situ assessment of structural timber”. The recommendations cover resistance drilling, core drilling, glue line test, tension micro-specimens, screw withdrawal, and several hardness tests. The paper includes a matrix of common non-destructive testing to assess structural timber. The discussion of each technique is intended to provide users with sufficient information to understand the theoretical basis, typical equipment set up, and basic capabilities and limitations.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Riggio M, Anthony RW, Augelli F, Kasal B, Lechner T, Muller W, Tannert T (2013) In situ assessment of structural timber using non-destructive techniques. Mater Struct. doi:10.1617/s11527-013-0093-6
Dackermann U, Crews K, Kasal B, Li J, Riggio M, Rinn F, Tannert T (2013) In situ assessment of structural timber using stress-wave measurements. Mater Struct. doi:10.1617/s11527-013-0095-4
Kasal B, Anthony R (2004) Advances in in situ evaluation of timber structures. Prog Struct Eng Mater 6:94–103
Rinn F (1988) A new method for measuring tree-ring density parameters. Diploma Thesis, University Heidelberg
Rinn F, Becker B, Kromer B (1990) Density profiles of conifers and deciduous trees. In: Proceedings of the symposium on tree rings and environment. Lund University, Sweden
Rinn F, Schweingruber FH, Schär E (1996) Resistograph and X-ray density charts of wood. Comparative evaluation of drill resistance profiles and X-ray density charts of different wood species. Holzforschung 50:303–311
Bräker OU (1981) Der Alterstrend bei Jahrringdichten und Jahrringbreiten von Nadelhölzern und sein Ausgleich. Mitteilungen der forstlichen Bundesversuchsanstalt Wien 142:75–102
Kasal B (2003) Semi-destructive method for in-situ evaluation of compressive strength of wood structural members. For Prod J 53:55–58
ASTM D 143-94 (2000) Standard test methods for small clear specimens of timber. ASTM International, West Conshohocken
Kasal B, Kloiber M, Drdacky M (2006) Field investigation of the 14th century Castle Pernstejn before and after fire damage. In: Proceedings of the Architectural Engineering Institute conference, Omaha, USA
Lear GC (2005) Improving the assessment of in situ timber members with the use of nondestructive and semi-destructive testing techniques. MSc Thesis, North Carolina State University
EN 392 (1995) Glued laminated timber. Shear test of glue lines. European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Brussels
EN 386 (2001) Glued laminated timber—performance requirements and minimum production requirements. European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Brussels
Yang Y, Gong M, Chui YH (2008) A new image analysis algorithm for calculating percentage wood failure. Holzforschung 62:248–251
Scott CT, Hernandez R, Frihart C, Gleisner R, Tice T (2005) Method for quantifying percentage wood failure in block-shear specimens by a laser scanning profilometer. J ASTM Int 2:1–10
Winandy JE, Lebow PK, Nelson W (1998) Predicting bending strength of fire-retardant-treated plywood from screw-withdrawal tests, FPL-RP-568. Forest Products Laboratory, Madison
Divos F, Sismandy F, Takats P (2011) Evaluation of historical wooden structures using nondestructive methods. In: Proceedings of the international conference on structural health assessment of timber structures (SHATIS), Lisbon
Yamaguchi N (2011) Withdrawal resistances by screw-based probes for in situ assessment of wood. In: Proceedings of the international conference on structural health assessment of timber structures (SHATIS), Lisbon
Hansen CP (2000) Application of the Pilodyn in forest tree improvement. DFSC Series of Technical Notes TN55. Danida Forest Seed Centre, Humlebaek
Meierhofer U, Richter K (1990) Grading and quality of structural timber. Schweizer Ingenieur Architekt 39:1100–1106
Goerlacher R (1987) Nondestructive testing of wood “In-situ”-method for determining wood density. Holz Als Roh-Und Werkstoff 45:273–278
Feio AO (2005) Inspection and diagnosis of historical timber structures: NDT correlations and structural behaviour. PhD Thesis, Universidade do Minho
Kloiber M, Tippner J, Drdacky M (2011) Semi-destructive tool for “In-situ” measurement of mechanical resistance of wood. In: Proceedings of the international conference on structural health assessment of timber structures (SHATIS), Lisbon
Piazza M, Turrini G (1983) Il recupero dei solai in legno. Esperienze e realizzazioni. Recuperare 7
Piazza M, Riggio M (2008) Visual strength grading and NDT of timber in traditional structure. J Build Apprais 3:267–296
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
The first author of this paper has made the main contribution; the remaining authors are listed in alphabetical order without consideration of their individual contributions.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tannert, T., Anthony, R.W., Kasal, B. et al. In situ assessment of structural timber using semi-destructive techniques. Mater Struct 47, 767–785 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-013-0094-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-013-0094-5