Abstract
In the freezing and thawing test of concrete, elastic-wave methods are applied to estimate the frost damage nondestructively. Recently, two test methods are proposed in the RILEM recommendation. The alternative method A is based on the ultrasonic test, which measures the transmission time of the longitudinal wave (P wave), while the alternative method B measures the resonant frequencies of vibrations. With relation to these methods, evaluation of the frost damage by the elastic-wave methods is studied, focusing on the dynamic modulus of elasticity. The freezing and thawing tests were conducted by employing concrete samples after 1 year curing. As a result, the samples were not heavily damaged even after 300 cycles. Concerning the resonant frequencies of concrete samples, a three-dimensional analysis is performed by the boundary element method to identify actual vibration modes. It is clarified that an assumption of the one-dimensional resonant vibration is not applicable, resulting in a false discrepancy between the dynamic modulus and the static modulus of elasticity. It is found that relative modulus obtained from P-wave velocity is comparable to that from the tangential modulus of elasticity in the compression test, and is reasonably recommended to estimate the frost damage nondestructively.
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References
RILEM TC 176-IDC Final Recommendation (2004) Test methods of frost resistance of concrete: CIF-test: capillary suction, internal damage and freeze thaw test—reference method and alternative methods A and B. Mater Struct 37(274):743–753
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Acknowledgments
The research conducted is supported by Kumamoto University Global COE (Center of Excellence) Program: Global Initiative Center for Pulsed Power Engineering. To perform experiments and analyses, assistances of former graduate students: Messrs. Naoki Gotoh and Shou Noguchi are very valuable. The author wishes to deeply thank the program and their supports.
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Ohtsu, M. Damage evaluation in freezing and thawing test of concrete by elastic-wave methods. Mater Struct 44, 1725–1734 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-011-9730-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-011-9730-0