Abstract
This paper is intended to provide guidance on the form and extent to which supplementary cementing materials, in combination with Portland cement, modifies the rate of heat evolution during the early stages of hydration in concrete. In this investigation, concretes were prepared with fly ash, condensed silica fume and ground granulated blastfurnace slag, blended with Portland cement in proportions ranging from 5% to 80%. These concretes were subjected to heat of hydration tests under adiabatic conditions and the results were used to assess and quantify the effects of the supplementary cementing materials in altering the heat rate profiles of concrete. The paper also proposes a simplified mathematical form of the heat rate curve for blended cement binders in concrete to allow a design stage assessment of the likely early-age time–temperature profiles in large concrete structures. Such an assessment would be essential in the case of concrete structures where the potential for thermally induced cracking is of concern.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ballim Y, Graham PC (2003) A maturity approach to the rate of heat evolution in concrete. Mag Concr Res 55(3). doi:10.1680/macr.55.3.249.37571
Koenders EAB, van Breugel K (1994) Numerical and experimental adiabatic hydration curve determination. In: Springenschmid R (ed) Thermal cracking in concrete at early ages. E&FN Spon, London
Maekawa K, Chaube R, Kishi T (1999) Modelling of concrete performance. Spon Press, London
Gibbon GJ, Ballim Y, Grieve GRH (1997) A low cost, computer-controlled adiabatic calorimeter for determining the heat of hydration of concrete. ASTM J Test Eval 25(2):261–266
SABS EN 197-1 (2000) Cement—part 1: composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements. South African Bureau of Standards, Pretoria
SABS 1491-Part 1 (1989) Portland cement extenders, part 1, ground granulated blastfurnace slag. South African Bureau of Standards, Pretoria
SABS 1491-Part 2 (1989) Portland cement extenders, part 2 fly ash. South African Bureau of Standards, Pretoria
SABS 1491-Part 3 (1989) Portland cement extenders, part 3, condensed silica fume. South African Bureau of Standards, Pretoria
Wu X, Roy DM, Langton CA (1983) Early stage hydration of slag-cement. Cem Concr Res 13:277–286. doi:10.1016/0008-8846(83)90111-4
Escalante-Garcia JI, Sharp JH (1998) Effects of temperature on the hydration of the main clinker phases in Portland cement: part II, blended cements. Cem Concr Res 28:1259–1274. doi:10.1016/S0008-8846(98)00107-0
Zhou J, Ye K, van Breugel K (2006) Hydration of Portland cement blended with blast furnace slag at early stage. 2nd international symposium on advances in concrete science and engineering, Quebec City, Canada. RILEM Publications (on CD)
Roy DM (1987) Hydration of blended cements containing slag, fly ash or silica fume. Lecture presented to the Institute of Concrete technology, London
Fajun W, Grutzeck MW, Roy DM (1985) The retarding effects of fly ash upon the hydration of cement pastes: the first 24 hours. Cem Concr Res 15:174–184. doi:10.1016/0008-8846(85)90024-9
Holman JP (1990) Heat transfer, 7th edn. McGraw Hill Inc, New York
Ballim Y (2004) A numerical model and associated calorimeter for predicting temperature profiles in mass concrete. Cem Concr Compos 26(26):695–703
Wang C, Dilger WH (1994) Prediction of temperature distribution in hardening concrete. In: Springenschmid R (ed) Thermal cracking in concrete at early ages. E&FN Spon, London
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to express their gratitude to the South African cement industry, Cement and Concrete Institute, Eskom and the National Research Foundation (South Africa) for their financial and logistical support of this project.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ballim, Y., Graham, P.C. The effects of supplementary cementing materials in modifying the heat of hydration of concrete. Mater Struct 42, 803–811 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-008-9425-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-008-9425-3