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Effects of W/B ratios and fly ash finenesses on chloride diffusion coefficient of concrete in marine environment

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Abstract

The objectives of this investigation were to study the effect of W/B ratios and fly ash finenesses on chloride diffusion coefficient (Dc) of concrete under marine environment. Original and classified fly ashes were used as a partial replacement of Portland cement type I at 0%, 15%, 25%, 35%, and 50% by weight of binder. Water to binder ratios (W/B) were varied as 0.45, 0.55, and 0.65. Concrete cube specimens of 200 mm were cast and removed from the molds after casting 1 day and then cured in fresh water for 27 days. After that, the specimens were placed to the tidal zone of marine environment in the Gulf of Thailand. Subsequently, the specimens were tested for chloride penetration profile after being exposed to the tidal zone for 2, 3, 4, and 5 years. The regression analysis of investigated data was carried out and Fick’s second law of diffusion was applied to calculate the chloride diffusion coefficient (Dc) and chloride concentration at concrete surface (Co) based on one-dimensional analysis. The results showed that Dc of all concrete mixtures decreased with an exposure time and the decrease of W/B ratio resulted in the decrease of Dc. When the W/B ratio of concrete was reduced, the decrease of Dc in cement concrete was higher than that of the fly ash concrete. The use of fly ash with high fineness clearly reduced the rate of chloride ingress into concrete. In addition, fly ash with high fineness has more effective on reducing of Dc in concrete with higher W/B ratio than that with lower W/B ratio.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial supports from Thailand Research Fund (TRF) under TRF Senior Research Scholar Contact No. RTA5080020 and the Commission on Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Thailand. Thanks also extend to the departments of civil engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, and Burapha University, Thailand for providing facilities and equipments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand

    W. Chalee

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, 10140, Thailand

    C. Jaturapitakkul

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  1. W. Chalee
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  2. C. Jaturapitakkul
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Correspondence to C. Jaturapitakkul.

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Chalee, W., Jaturapitakkul, C. Effects of W/B ratios and fly ash finenesses on chloride diffusion coefficient of concrete in marine environment. Mater Struct 42, 505–514 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-008-9398-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-008-9398-2

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