Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

FRP strengthening of steel and steel-concrete composite structures: an analytical approach

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Materials and Structures Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A recent technique for strengthening steel and steel-concrete composite structures by the use of externally bonded Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) sheets, to increase the flexural capacity of the structural element, is described. Several researches developed FRP strengthening of reinforced concrete and masonry structures, but few experimental studies about steel and steel-concrete composite elements are available. Some examples of guidelines for the design and construction of externally bonded FRP systems for strengthening existing metal structures are available, but the method used to predict the flexural behaviour of FRP strengthened elements is usually based on the hypothesis of elastic behaviour of materials and FRP laminate is mainly considered only under the tensile flange. In this paper, an analytical procedure to predict the flexural behaviour of FRP strengthened steel and steel-concrete composite elements, based on cross-sectional behaviour and taking into account the non-linear behaviour of the materials with any configuration of FRP reinforcement, is given. Analytical predictions are compared with some experimental results available in the literature on the flexural behaviour of FRP strengthened steel and steel-concrete composite elements, showing good agreement of the results, even in the non-linear phase, until failure.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

a :

Distance between support and end of anchorage

A s :

Steel area

A f :

FRP area

b f :

FRP width

E a :

Adhesive elastic modulus

E s :

Steel elastic modulus

E f :

FRP elastic modulus

G a :

Adhesive shear modulus

I s :

Moment of inertia of steel section

I f :

Moment of inertia of FRP section

h f :

Thickness of FRP

l :

Length of beam

n f :

Number of FRP layers

P :

Applied load

s :

Adhesive thickness

t f :

Thickness of each reinforcing layer

u s :

Local displacement of steel section

u f :

Local displacement of FRP

y s :

Distance from tensile edge to beam axis

W s :

Steel section modulus

z 0 :

Position of centroid of steel section

ε f :

Deformation of FRP

ε y :

Yielding deformation of steel

λ :

Constant

References

  1. Pellegrino C, Modena C (2002) FRP shear strengthening of RC beams with transverse steel reinforcement. J Compos Construct 6(2):104–111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Pellegrino C, Modena C (2006) FRP shear strengthening of RC beams: experimental study and analytical modelling. ACI Struct J 103(5):720–728

    Google Scholar 

  3. Pellegrino C, Tinazzi D, Modena C (2008) An experimental study on bond behaviour between concrete and FRP reinforcement. J Compos Construct 12(2):180–189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Valluzzi MR, Grinzato E, Pellegrino C, Modena C (2008) IR thermography for interface analysis of FRP laminates externally bonded to RC beams. Mater Struct. doi:10.1617/s11527-008-9364-z, online

  5. ACI Committee 440 (2002) Guide for the design and construction of externally bonded FRP systems for strengthening concrete structures (ACI 440.2R-02). American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, USA

    Google Scholar 

  6. fib Task Group 9.3. (2001) Externally bonded FRP reinforcement for RC structures. fib bulletin 14, Lausanne, Switzerland

  7. CNR Italian Advisory Committee on Technical Recommendations for Construction (2004) Guide for the design and construction of externally bonded FRP systems for strengthening existing structures. Materials, RC and PC structures, Masonry structures (CNR-DT 200/2004). Italian Research Council, Rome, Italy

    Google Scholar 

  8. Cadei JMC, Stratford TJ, Hollaway LC, Duckett WG (2004) Strengthening metallic structures using externally bonded fibre-reinforced polymers (C595). CIRIA Design Guide, London, ISBN 0-86017-595-2

    Google Scholar 

  9. Moy SSJ (ed) (2001) FRP composites: life extension and strengthening of metallic structures. ICE design and practice guide. Thomas Telford, London, ISBN 0-7277-3009-6

    Google Scholar 

  10. Schnerch D, Dawood M, Rizkalla S, Sumner E (2007) Proposed design guidelines for strengthening of steel bridges with FRP materials. Construct Build Mater 21:1001–1010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. CNR Italian Research Council, Italian Advisory Committee on Technical Recommendations for Construction (2005) Guidelines for the design and construction of externally bonded FRP systems for strengthening existing structures. Preliminary study. Metallic structures (CNR-DT 202/2005). Italian Research Council, Rome, Italy

    Google Scholar 

  12. Moy SSJ, Bloodworth AG (2007) Strengthening a steel bridge with CFRP composites. Proc Inst Civil Eng (ICE) Struct Build 160:81–93

    Google Scholar 

  13. Moy SSJ, Lillistone D (2006) Strengthening cast iron using FRP composites. Proc Inst Civil Eng (ICE) Struct Build 159(6):309–318

    Google Scholar 

  14. Tavakkolizadeh M, Saadatmanesh H (2003a) Strengthening of steel-concrete composite girders using carbon fiber-reinforced polymer sheets. J Struct Eng 129(1):30–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Tavakkolizadeh M, Saadatmanesh H (2003b) Repair of damaged steel-concrete composite girders using carbon fiber-reinforced polymer sheets. J Compos Construct 7(4):311–322

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Shaat A, Fam A (2006) Axial loading tests on short and long hollow structural steel columns retrofitted using carbon fibre reinforced polymers. Can J Civil Eng 33(4):458–470

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Shaat A, Schnerch D, Fam A, Rizkalla S (2004) Retrofit of steel structures using Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (FRP): state-of-the-art. In: Transportation research board (TRB) annual meeting. CD-ROM (04-4063)

  18. Sen R, Liby L, Spillett K, Mullins G (1995) Strengthening steel composite bridge members using CFRP laminates. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international RILEM symposium, FRPRCS-2, Aug. 23–25, Ghent, Belgium

  19. Miller TC, Chajes MJ, Mertz DR, Hastings JN (2001) Strengthening of a steel bridge girder using CFRP plates. J Bridge Eng 6(6):514–522

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Zhao XL, Zheng L (2007) State-of-the-art review on FRP strengthened steel structures. Eng Struct 29:1808–1923

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Buyukozturk O, Gunes O, Karaca E (2004) Progress on understanding debonding problems in reinforced concrete and steel members strengthened using FRP composites. Construction and Build Mater 18:9–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Täljsten B (1997) Strengthening of beams by plate bonding. J Mater Civil Eng 9(4):206–212

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Lenwari A, Thepchatri T, Albrecht P (2005) Flexural response of steel beams strengthened with partial-length CFRP plates. J Compos Construct 9(4):296–303

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Lenwari A, Thepchatri T, Albrecht P (2006) Debonding strength of steel beams strengthened with CFRP strips. J Compos Construct 10(1):69–78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Colombi P (2006) Reinforcement delamination of metallic beams strengthened by FRP strips: fracture mechanics based approach. Eng Fract Mech 73:1980–1996

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Deng J, Lee MMK, Moy SSJ (2004) Stress analysis of steel beams reinforced with bonded CFRP plate. Composite Struct 65(2):205–215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Smith ST, Teng JG (2001) Interfacial stresses in plated beams. Eng Struct 23:857–871

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Stratford TJ, Cadei JMC (2006) Elastic analysis of adhesion stresses for the design of a strengthening plate bonded to a beam. Construct Build Mater 20(1–2):34–45

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Moy SSJ, Nikoukar F (2002) Flexural behaviour of steel beams reinforced with carbon fibre reinforced polymer composite. In: Shenoi RA, Moy SSJ, Hollaway LC (eds) Advanced polymer composites for structural applications in construction. Proceedings of ACIC2002, inaugural international conference on the use of advanced composites in construction. Thomas Telford, London, pp 195–202

    Google Scholar 

  30. Schnerch D, Rizkalla S (2008) Flexural strengthening of steel bridges with high modulus CFRP strips. J Bridge Eng 13(2):192–201

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Rizkalla S, Dawood M, Schnerch D (2008) Development of a carbon fiber reinforced polymer system for strengthening steel structures. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manufact 39(2):388–397

    Google Scholar 

  32. Colombi P, Poggi C (2006) An experimental, analytical and numerical study of the static behaviour of steel beams reinforced by pultruded CFRP strips. Composites Part B 37:64–73

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Al-Saidy AH, Klaber FW, Wipf TJ (2004) Repair of steel composite beams with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer plates. J Compos Construct 8(2):163–172

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Hognestad E (1951) A study of combined bending and axial load in reinforced concrete members, Bulletin No. 399, Engineering Experimental Station, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA

Download references

Acknowledgements

The writers wish to thank M. Grigoletto for contributing to some analyses developed during preparation of his degree thesis.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Structural and Transportation Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131, Padova, Italy

    Carlo Pellegrino, Emanuele Maiorana & Claudio Modena

Authors
  1. Carlo Pellegrino
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Emanuele Maiorana
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Claudio Modena
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Carlo Pellegrino.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Pellegrino, C., Maiorana, E. & Modena, C. FRP strengthening of steel and steel-concrete composite structures: an analytical approach. Mater Struct 42, 353–363 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-008-9386-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-008-9386-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation