Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Short- and long-term performance of the “Tecnaria” stud connector for timber-concrete composite beams

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Materials and Structures Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The paper presents the results of some experimental tests performed on the shear stud connection system for timber-concrete composite beams manufactured by the Tecnaria Ltd. Some push-out specimens constructed using both normal weight (NW) and light weight (LW) concrete were subjected to collapse and long-term creep tests. During the collapse test, the connector exhibited significant strength and stiffness. In the creep test performed in constant environmental conditions, delayed (creep) deformations took place mainly during the first days after loading. The next part of the creep test, conducted under cycles of environmental relative humidity, was characterized by an increase in delayed deformations (the so-called mechano-sorptive effect) due to the hygroscopic behaviour of timber around the connector. The amount of delayed deformation depended upon the cycle duration and was negligible for short period (less than one week) cycles. The use of LW concrete instead of␣NW concrete was found not to significantly affect␣the performance of the connection system␣neither in the long-term, nor in the collapse tests.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ceccotti A (1995) Timber-concrete composite structures. In: Blass HJ et al. (ed) Timber Engineering, Step 2, 1st edn. Centrum Hout, The Netherlands

  2. Capozucca R (1998) Bond stress system of composite concrete-timber beams. Mater Struct 31(213):634–640

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Piazza M, Ballerini M (2000) Experimental and numerical results on timber-concrete composite floors with different connection systems. In: 6th World Conference on Timber Engineering WCTE 2000, Whistler Resort, British Columbia, Canada, 31 July-3 August 2000

  4. Gutkowksi RM, Brown K, Shigidi A, Natterer J (2004) Investigation of notched composite wood-concrete connections. J Struct Eng 130(10):1553–1561

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Kenel A, Meierhofer U (1998) Holz/Beton-Verbund unter langfristiger Beanspruchung (Long term performance of timber-concrete composite structural elements), Report No. 115/39. EMPA Abteilung Holz, Dübendorf, Switzerland

  6. Gelfi P, Giuriani E, Marini A (2002) Stud shear connection design for composite concrete slab and wood beams. J Struct Eng 128(12):1544–1550

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Steinberg E, Selle R, Faust T (2003) Connectors for timber-lightweight concrete composite structures. J␣Struct Eng 129(11):1538–1545

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Mascia NT, Soriano J (2004) Benefits of timber-concrete composite action in rural bridges. Mater Struct 37(266):122–128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Comité Européen de Normalisation (2003) Eurocode 5 – Design of timber structures – Part 1–1: General rules and rules for buildings, prEN 1995–1-1. Bruxelles, Belgium

  10. Comité Européen de Normalisation (1996) Eurocode 5 – Design of timber structures –Part 2: Bridges, ENV 1995–2. Bruxelles, Belgium

  11. Fragiacomo M, Ceccotti A (2006) Long-term behavior of timber-concrete composite beams. I: Finite element modeling and validation. J Struct Eng 132(1):13–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Fragiacomo M (2006) Long-term behavior of timber-concrete composite beams. II: Numerical analysis and simplified evaluation. J Struct Eng 132(1):23–33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Bonamini G, Ceccotti A, Uzielli L (1990) Prove sperimentali a breve e lungo termine su elementi composti calcestruzzo - legno antico di quercia e di larice (Short- and long-term experimental tests on concrete-antique oak and larch timber composite systems). In: 8th C.T.E. Conference, Bologna, Italy

  14. Piazza M (1990) Some notes about time-dependent deformations of connections carried out by means of glued steel bars in wooden structures. In: Communication to the RILEM T.C. 112 Meeting, London, U.K

  15. Kuhlmann U, Michelfelder B (2004) Grooves as shear-connectors in timber-concrete composite structures. In: 8th World Conference on Timber Engineering WCTE 2004, Lahti, Finland, 14–17 June 2004

  16. Comité Européen de Normalisation (1991) Eurocode 2 – Design of concrete structures – Part 1–1: General rules and rules for buildings, ENV 1992–1-1. Bruxelles, Belgium

  17. Comité Européen de Normalisation (1991) Eurocode 2 – Design of concrete structures – Part 1–4: General rules – Lightweight aggregate concrete with closed structure, ENV 1992-1-4. Bruxelles, Belgium

  18. Comité Européen de Normalisation (1998) Timber structures – Glued laminated timber – Strength classes and determination of characteristic values, prEN 1194. Bruxelles, Belgium

  19. Comité Européen de Normalisation (1991) Timber structures – Joints made with mechanical fasteners – General principles for the determination of strength and deformation characteristics, EN 26891. Bruxelles, Belgium

  20. Fragiacomo M, Amadio C, Macorini L (2004) Comportamento a collasso ed in esercizio di una connessione a piolo per strutture composte legno-calcestruzzo (Collapse and serviceability behaviour of a stud connector for timber-concrete composite structures). In: 15th CTE Conference, Bari, Italy, 4–6 November 2004

  21. Ollgard JG, Slutter RG, Fischer JW (1971) Shear strength of stud connectors in lightweight and normal concrete. AISC Eng J 8:55–64

    Google Scholar 

  22. Fragiacomo M (2005) A finite element model for long-term analysis of timber-concrete composite beams. Struct Eng & Mech 20(2):173–189

    Google Scholar 

  23. Fragiacomo M, Amadio C, Macorini L (2004) A finite element model for collapse and long-term analysis of steel-concrete composite beams. J Struct Eng 130(3):489–497

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Toratti T (1992) Creep of timber beams in a variable environment, Report No. 31. Laboratory of Structural Engineering and Building Physics, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland

  25. Hanhijärvi A (2000) Advances in the knowledge of the influence of moisture changes on the long-term mechanical performance of timber structures. Mater Struct 33(225):43–49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Hanhijärvi A (2000) Computational method for predicting the long-term performance of timber beams in variable climates. Mater Struct 33(226):127–134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Fragiacomo M (2001) Comportamento a lungo termine di travi composte legno-calcestruzzo (Long-term behaviour of timber-concrete composite structures). Ph.D. Thesis, University Institute of Architecture of Venice, Italy

Download references

Acknowledgements

The technical support and financial contribution provided by the “Tecnaria Ltd.”, viale Pecori Giraldi 55, Bassano del Grappa (Vicenza), Italy, http://www.tecnaria.it is gratefully acknowledged. A special thanks to Prof. Ario Ceccotti, director of the IVALSA Trees and Timber Institute, for the useful suggestions given on the test programme and experimental set-up. The contribution made by Mr Claudio Nogarol on the conduction of some tests and data processing is also gratefully acknowledged.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8020, New Zealand

    M. Fragiacomo

  2. Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy

    C. Amadio

  3. Department of Architectural & Urban Design, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy

    L. Macorini

Authors
  1. M. Fragiacomo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. C. Amadio
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. L. Macorini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. Fragiacomo.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Fragiacomo, M., Amadio, C. & Macorini, L. Short- and long-term performance of the “Tecnaria” stud connector for timber-concrete composite beams. Mater Struct 40, 1013–1026 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-006-9200-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-006-9200-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation