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Effect of temperature in annealing treatments on the morphology, hardness, and wear resistance of anodized Grade 2 titanium

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Abstract

Currently, different surface treatments have been studied to improve wear resistance and increase the hardness values of grade 2 titanium, based on morphological and structural changes. For this work, the impact of the annealing temperature on grade 2 titanium surfaces obtained by the electrochemical anodization technique using HCl in aqueous solution at a concentration of 3 M and a constant potential of 11.5 V for 2 h was studied. Annealing temperatures were 400, 450, 500, 550, and 600 °C for 4 h. It was found that the plates treated at 600 °C presented the best results, where a hardness of up to 5.57 GPa and coefficient and wear rate values of 0.28 and 1.56 × 10–4 mm3/Nm, respectively, were obtained. The oxide layers exhibited a combination of anatase and rutile crystalline phases in X-ray diffraction and Raman-active vibrational modes of anatase and rutile.

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Acknowledgments

Thanks to Materiales y Nanociencia doctoral program of Centro de Investigación en Micro y Nanotecnología of Universidad Veracruzana. This paper is supported by the CONACYT through scholarship 733061.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Investigación en Micro y Nanotecnología, Universidad Veracruzana, Adolfo Ruíz Cortines 455, Boca del Río, Veracruz, Mexico

    A. Maytorena-Sánchez, J. Hernández-Torres, L. Zamora-Peredo & L. García-González

  2. Facultad de Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica, Universidad Veracruzana, Boca del Río, Veracruz, Mexico

    F. López-Huerta

  3. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Boca del Río, Veracruz, Mexico

    I. Balderas-Cámara

  4. Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica Eléctrica, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico

    A. López-Velázquez

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  1. A. Maytorena-Sánchez
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  2. J. Hernández-Torres
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  3. L. Zamora-Peredo
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  7. L. García-González
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Correspondence to L. García-González.

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Maytorena-Sánchez, A., Hernández-Torres, J., Zamora-Peredo, L. et al. Effect of temperature in annealing treatments on the morphology, hardness, and wear resistance of anodized Grade 2 titanium. MRS Advances 7, 1085–1090 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1557/s43580-022-00474-1

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