Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Effects of acid etching parameters on the surface of dental implant fixtures treated by proposed coupled SLA-anodizing process

  • Article
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, eighteen different states of acid etching, totally 99 test pieces were examined, including acid type, acid etching temperature, and acid etching time. Surface characterization tests, including AFM, MTT, EDAX, CHNO, EDAX-MAP, FESEM, wettability and Osteointegration, were performed on the samples. State 17 (sandblast particle size: 75 µm, spraying pressure of sandblast particles: 4 bar, sandblast particle spraying angle: 30°, Temperature of acid etching: 75, time of acid etching: 6 min, anodizing voltage: 100 v, duration of anodizing: 5 min) showed 5% higher cell viability in terms of cytotoxicity, and a higher elemental quality, with 3.29% more titanium oxide and 29.4% less aluminum oxide compared to the SLA surface. Finally, state 17 showed faster Osteointegration. In summary, the research highlights the crucial role of acid etching conditions and underscores State 17 as a prime candidate for improved implant surface modification and fast Osteointegration.

Graphical abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article or its supplementary materials. The supplementary data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author.

Abbreviations

RBM:

Resorbable blast media

TPS:

Titanium plasma spray

HA:

Hydroxyapatite

SL:

Sandblasted large grit

SLA:

Sandblasted large grit acid etched

SLA + Anodizing:

Sandblasted large grit acid etched + anodizing

AFM:

Atomic Force Microscope

MTT:

Molecular cytotoxicity test

EDAX:

Energy Dispersive Analysis X-Ray

EDAX-MAP:

Energy Dispersive Analysis X-Ray-Mapping

CHNO:

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Oxygen

FESEM:

Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy

References

  1. B. Mohammadi, Z. Abdoli, E. Anbarzadeh, Investigation of the effect of abutment angle tolerance on the stress created in the fixture and screw in dental implants using finite element analysis. J. Biomimetics Biomater. Biomed. Eng. 51, 63–76 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. B.A. Van Oirschot, Y. Zhang, H.S. Alghamdi, J.M. Cordeiro, B.E. Nagay, V.A. Barao, J.J. Van Den Beucken, Surface engineering for dental implantology: favoring tissue responses along the implant. Tissue Eng. Part A 28(11–12), 555–572 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. A.A. Mamalis, S.S. Silvestros, Analysis of osteoblastic gene expression in the early human mesenchymal cell response to a chemically modified implant surface: an in vitro study. Clin. Oral Implant Res. 22(5), 530–537 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. S. Ebadi, K. Shahbazi, E. Anbarzadeh, Investigation of aluminum and composite aircraft wings under the influence of aerodynamic forces and their effects on environmental impacts. J. Environ. Friendly Mater. 5(1), 13–21 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  5. K.T. Koo, F. Khoury, P.L. Keeve, F. Schwarz, A. Ramanauskaite, A. Sculean, G. Romanos, Implant surface decontamination by surgical treatment of periimplantitis: a literature review. Implant Dent. 28(2), 173–176 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. L.L. Ramenzoni, A. Bösch, S. Proksch, T. Attin, P.R. Schmidlin, Effect of high glucose levels and lipopolysaccharides-induced inflammation on osteoblast mineralization over sandblasted/acid-etched titanium surface. Clin. Implant Dent. Relat. Res. 22(2), 213–219 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. B. Mohammadi, E. Anbarzadeh, Evaluation of viability and cell proliferation in bone and gingival on dental implant fixtures with active sandblasted and sandblasted surfaces by the cytotoxicity test method. J. Biomimetics Biomater. Biomed. Eng. 56, 165–172 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. J. Hasan, R. Bright, A. Hayles, D. Palms, P. Zilm, D. Barker, K. Vasilev, Preventing peri-implantitis: the quest for a next generation of titanium dental implants. ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. 8(11), 4697–4737 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. A. Wennerberg, S. Galli, T. Albrektsson, Current knowledge about the hydrophilic and nanostructured SLActive surface. Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dent. 3, 59–67 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. E. Soylu, A. Coşgunarslan, S. Çelebi, D. Soydan, A.E. Demirbaş, O. Demir, Fractal analysis as a useful predictor for determining osseointegration of dental implant? A retrospective study. Int. J. Implant Dent. 7, 1–8 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. L. Le Guéhennec, A. Soueidan, P. Layrolle, Y. Amouriq, Surface treatments of titanium dental implants for rapid osseointegration. Dent. Mater. 23(7), 844–854 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. E. Anbarzadeh, B. Mohammadi, Improving the surface roughness of dental implant fixture by considering the size, angle and spraying pressure of sandblast particles. J. Bionic Eng. 1–22 (2023)

  13. E.S. Kim, S.Y. Shin, Influence of the implant abutment types and the dynamic loading on initial screw loosening. J. Adv. Prosthodontics 5(1), 21–28 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. W. Cunha, O. Carvalho, B. Henriques, F.S. Silva, M. Özcan, J. Souza, Surface modification of zirconia dental implants by laser texturing. Lasers Med. Sci. 1–17 (2022)

  15. M.F. Kunrath, T.C. Muradás, N. Penha, M.M. Campos, Innovative surfaces and alloys for dental implants: what about biointerface-safety concerns. Dent. Mater. 37(10), 1447–1462 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. R. Rasouli, A. Barhoum, H. Uludag, A review of nanostructured surfaces and materials for dental implants: surface coating, patterning and functionalization for improved performance. Biomater. Sci. 6(6), 1312–1338 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. A.B.W. Alécio, C.F. Ferreira, J. Babu, T. Shokuhfar, S. Jo, R. Magini, F. Garcia-Godoy, Doxycycline release of dental implants with nanotube surface, coated with poly lactic-co-glycolic acid for extended pH-controlled drug delivery. J. Oral Implantol. 45(4), 267–273 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. G. Burgueño-Barris, O. Camps-Font, R. Figueiredo, E. Valmaseda-Castellón, The influence of implantoplasty on surface roughness, biofilm formation, and biocompatibility of titanium implants: a systematic review. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants 36(5), e111–e119 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. X. Costa-Berenguer, M. García-García, A. Sánchez-Torres, M. Sanz-Alonso, R. Figueiredo, E. Valmaseda-Castellón, Effect of implantoplasty on fracture resistance and surface roughness of standard diameter dental implants. Clin. Oral Implant Res. 29(1), 46–54 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. B.E. Nagay, J.M. Cordeiro, V.A. Barao, Insight into corrosion of dental implants: from biochemical mechanisms to designing corrosion-resistant materials. Curr. Oral Health Rep. 1–15 (2022)

  21. D.V. Budei, D.I. Vaireanu, P. Prepelita, G. Popescu-Pelin, M. Mincu, I.A. Ciobotaru, A comparative morphological study of titanium dioxide surface layer dental implants. Open Chem. 19(1), 189–198 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. M.V. Dos Santos, C.N. Elias, J.H. Cavalcanti Lima, The effects of superficial roughness and design on the primary stability of dental implants. Clin. Implant Dent. Relat. Res. 13(3), 215–223 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. C. Cui, B. Hu, L. Zhao, S. Liu, Titanium alloy production technology, market prospects and industry development. Mater. Des. 32(3), 1684–1691 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. C.N. Elias, M.A. Meyers, R.Z. Valiev, S.N. Monteiro, Ultrafine grained titanium for biomedical applications: an overview of performance. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 2(4), 340–350 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. A. Anbarzadeh, H. Sabet, M. Abbasi, Effects of successive-stage transient liquid phase (S-TLP) on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al2024 to Ti-6Al-4V joint. Mater. Lett. 178, 280–283 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. S. Szmukler-Moncler, M. Bischof, R. Nedir, M. Ermrich, Titanium hydride and hydrogen concentration in acid-etched commercially pure titanium and titanium alloy implants: a comparative analysis of five implant systems. Clin. Oral Implant Res. 21(9), 944–950 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. M. Khodaei, S.H. Kelishadi, The effect of different oxidizing ions on hydrogen peroxide treatment of titanium dental implant. Surf. Coat. Technol. 353, 158–162 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. J. Ganeles, A. Zöllner, J. Jackowski, C. Ten Bruggenkate, J. Beagle, F. Guerra, Immediate and early loading of Straumann implants with a chemically modified surface (SLActive) in the posterior mandible and maxilla: 1-year results from a prospective multicenter study. Clin. Oral Implant Res. 19(11), 1119–1128 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. P.P. Shetty, R. Chowdhary, Comparison of the primary stability achieved by using dental implants with variable thread designs when placed using different drilling techniques. An in vitro bone modular analysis. J. Osseointegr. 15(1), 53–61 (2023)

    Google Scholar 

  30. A. Stróż, J. Maszybrocka, T. Goryczka, K. Dudek, P. Osak, B. Łosiewicz, Influence of anodizing conditions on biotribological and micromechanical properties of Ti–13Zr–13Nb alloy. Materials 16(3), 1237 (2023)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dorin Kasht Mana Company, the largest manufacturer of dental implant systems in Iran, and especially Dr. Ali Asgar Malek Altojari, the founder of the company, for their support and for providing the information and guidance of the brand 3A.

Funding

Not applicable.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Ehsan Anbarzadeh, Bijan Mohammadi & Milad Azadzaeim

Authors
  1. Ehsan Anbarzadeh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Bijan Mohammadi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Milad Azadzaeim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

In this research project, B. Mohammadi played a pivotal role in shaping and leading various aspects of the study. His contributions were instrumental in setting the research’s course and ensuring its overall success. He meticulous approach and extensive expertise were particularly evident in overseeing the experimental design and conducting precise data collection, ultimately yielding results of utmost accuracy and reliability. E. Anbarzadeh dedicated efforts in conducting numerous experiments within this research were noteworthy. His commitment to thorough data analysis and interpretation provided invaluable insights into this research findings, adding depth to the study. M. Azadzaeim was responsible for procuring the research samples and contributing in experiments.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bijan Mohammadi.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Research involving human and animal rights

Our research does not involve human and animal subjects.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Anbarzadeh, E., Mohammadi, B. & Azadzaeim, M. Effects of acid etching parameters on the surface of dental implant fixtures treated by proposed coupled SLA-anodizing process. Journal of Materials Research 38, 4951–4966 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1557/s43578-023-01205-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/s43578-023-01205-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation