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A comparative study of antibacterial properties and label-free electrochemical detection of digoxin based on MWCNTs-chitosan-Fe3O4/TiO2 composites

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Abstract

This study formulates biocomposites of chitosan, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), iron oxide, and titanium oxide, characterizes their physical properties, and evaluates their antibacterial and biosensor toward digoxin detection. SEM was used to investigate morphology, whereas FTIR analysis peaks of active compounds of chitosan, MWCNTs, and composites were observed. The composites demonstrate strong antibacterial effects having ZOI 25, 12 mm; 35, 3 mm; and 43, 12 mm using M-chitosan, M-chitosan-TiO2, M-chitosan-Fe3O4 against S. aureus and A. baumannii, respectively. The composites were deposited on GCSPE to detect serum digoxin using CV. The biosensor can detect digoxin in the range 0–50 fM and 0–100 fM, with a detection limit of 0.8 pM and 0.03 pM for M-chitosan-TiO2 and M-chitosan-Fe3O4. The prepared biosensor showed strong specific recognition properties, ease, affordability of preparation, sensitive, and enable routine clinical analysis to identify trace amounts of digoxin. Thus, the present study developed composites with improved functional properties.

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Data analyzed during the current study are available in the supplementary information.

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Acknowledgments

The Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, provided the characterization facilities at the Material Science Laboratory. We also appreciate the cooperation of COMSATS University of Science and Technology in determining the antibacterial properties.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Air University, PAF Complex, E-9, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan

    Saima Rafique, Rizwan Akram, Mozaffar Hussain, Muhammad Waqar & Rubina Nasir

  2. Center of Excellence in Science and Applied Technology (CESAT), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan

    Rahat Afrin

  3. Department of Physics, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dharan, 31261, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Ahtisham Anjum

  4. Nano Science and Technology Department (NS & TD), National Center for Physics, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Saifullah Awan

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  1. Saima Rafique
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Rafique, S., Akram, R., Hussain, M. et al. A comparative study of antibacterial properties and label-free electrochemical detection of digoxin based on MWCNTs-chitosan-Fe3O4/TiO2 composites. Journal of Materials Research 38, 3199–3213 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1557/s43578-023-01059-w

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