Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

High-performance three-dimensional SnO2–Sb electrode supported on titanium foam substrate prepared by solvothermal process

  • Article
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) Ti/SnO2–Sb electrode is promising for electrochemical oxidation process (EAOP) application, while hindered by uneven and low catalysts loading, especially on the inner surface of porous substrates. In this study, Ti foam and a solvothermal preparation method were developed for preparing a novel 3D Ti/SnO2–Sb electrode. The catalysts in hollow ellipsoidal shape were well dispersed and stacked on the outer surface, and fully grown along the rugged surface inside Ti foam. Owing to this distinctive structure, the Ti foam/ATO electrode expressed 1.89 times increasing electrochemically active surface area and 48% improved OH· production than the 2D Ti plate/ATO electrode. Moreover, the Ti foam/ATO electrode performed 1.57 years of predicted service life which is 65.8 times than that of Ti plate/ATO electrode. In conclusion, this study provided a facile method and a novel porous substrate to prepare 3D Ti/SnO2–Sb electrode with high performance for EAOP application.

Graphical abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article [and its supplementary information files].

References

  1. G.H. Zhao, X. Cui, M.C. Liu, P.Q. Li, Y.G. Zhang, T.C. Cao, H.X. Li, Y.Z. Lei, L. Liu, D.M. Li, Electrochemical degradation of refractory pollutant using a novel microstructured TiO2 nanotubes/Sb-doped SnO2 electrode. Environ. Sci. Technol. 43, 1480–1486 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. I. Sires, E. Brillas, M.A. Oturan, M.A. Rodrigo, M. Panizza, Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes: today and tomorrow. A review. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 21, 8336–8367 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. A. Fernandes, M.J. Pacheco, L. Ciríaco, A. Lopes, Review on the electrochemical processes for the treatment of sanitary landfill leachates: present and future. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 176–177, 183–200 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. J. Radjenovic, D.L. Sedlak, Challenges and opportunities for electrochemical processes as next-generation technologies for the treatment of contaminated water. Environ. Sci. Technol. 49, 11292–11302 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Y. Sun, S.A. Cheng, Z.Z. Mao, Z.F. Lin, X.R. Ren, Z. Yu, High electrochemical activity of a Ti/SnO2-Sb electrode electrodeposited using deep eutectic solvent. Chemosphere 239, 124715–124721 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. R. Berenguer, J.M. Sieben, C. Quijada, E. Morallón, Electrocatalytic degradation of phenol on Pt- and Ru-doped Ti/SnO2-Sb anodes in an alkaline medium. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 199, 394–404 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. B. Zhang, M. Chen, C.B. Zhang, H. He, Electrochemical oxidation of gaseous benzene on a Sb-SnO2/foam Ti nano-coating electrode in all-solid cell. Chemosphere 217, 780–789 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. C. Yang, Y. Fan, P. Li, Q. Gu, X.-Y. Li, Freestanding 3-dimensional macro-porous SnO2 electrodes for efficient electrochemical degradation of antibiotics in wastewater. Chem. Eng. J. 422, 130032 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. R. Berenguer, J.M. Sieben, C. Quijada, E. Morallon, Pt- and Ru-doped SnO2-Sb anodes with high stability in alkaline medium. ACS Appl. Mater. Inter. 6, 22778–22789 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. F. Montilla, E. Morallon, A. De Battisti, J.L. Vazquez, Preparation and characterization of antimony-doped tin dioxide electrodes. Part 1. Electrochemical characterization. J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 5036–5043 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Y. Guo, T. Duan, Y. Chen, Q. Wen, Solvothermal fabrication of three-dimensionally sphere-stacking Sb–SnO2 electrode based on TiO2 nanotube arrays. Ceram. Int. 41, 8723–8729 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. L. Xu, Y. Wang, W. Zhang, Preparation of a SnO2–Sb electrode on a novel TiO2 network structure with long service lifetime for degradation of dye wastewater. RSC Adv. 9, 39242–39251 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. J.Q. Xue, S.W. Ma, Q. Bi, Y. Gao, W.Z. Guan, Comparative study on the effects of different structural Ti substrates on the properties of SnO2 electrodes. J. Alloys Compd. 773, 1040–1047 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. D. Li, J. Tang, X. Zhou, J. Li, X. Sun, J. Shen, L. Wang, W. Han, Electrochemical degradation of pyridine by Ti/SnO2-Sb tubular porous electrode. Chemosphere 149, 49–56 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. K. Yang, H. Lin, S. Liang, R. Xie, S. Lv, J. Niu, J. Chen, Y. Hu, A reactive electrochemical filter system with an excellent penetration flux porous Ti/SnO2–Sb filter for efficient contaminant removal from water. RSC Adv. 8, 13933–13944 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. J.Q. Fan, G.H. Zhao, H.Y. Zhao, S.N. Chai, T.C. Cao, Fabrication and application of mesoporous Sb-doped SnO2 electrode with high specific surface in electrochemical degradation of ketoprofen. Electrochim. Acta 94, 21–29 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. X. Li, D. Shao, H. Xu, W. Lv, W. Yan, Fabrication of a stable Ti/TiOxHy/Sb−SnO2 anode for aniline degradation in different electrolytes. Chem. Eng. J. 285, 1–10 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Y. Chen, L. Hong, H. Xue, W. Han, L. Wang, X. Sun, J. Li, Preparation and characterization of TiO2-NTs/SnO2-Sb electrodes by electrodeposition. J. Electroanal. Chem. 648, 119–127 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. B. Adams, M. Tian, A. Chen, Design and electrochemical study of SnO2-based mixed oxide electrodes. Electrochim. Acta 54, 1491–1498 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. X.M. Chen, G.H. Chen, P.L. Yue, Stable Ti/IrOx-Sb2O5-SnO2 anode for O2 evolution with low Ir content. J. Phys. Chem. B 105, 4623–4628 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. A.C. Chen, S. Nigro, Influence of a nanoscale gold thin layer on Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5 electrodes. J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 13341–13348 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. T.G. Duan, Q. Wen, Y. Chen, Y.D. Zhou, Y. Duan, Enhancing electrocatalytic performance of Sb-doped SnO2 electrode by compositing nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets. J. Hazard. Mater. 280, 304–314 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. A.L. Xu, X. Dai, K.J. Wei, W.Q. Han, J.S. Li, X.Y. Sun, J.Y. Shen, L.J. Wang, Preparation and characterization of a TiO2-NT/SnO2-Sb tubular porous electrode with long service lifetime for wastewater treatment process. RSC Adv. 7, 37806–37814 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Y. Sun, S. Zhang, B. Jin, S. Cheng, Efficient degradation of polyacrylamide using a 3-dimensional ultra-thin SnO2-Sb coated electrode. J. Hazard. Mater. 416, 125907 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. R. Menini, M.J. Dion, S.K.V. So, M. Gauthier, L.P. Lefebvre, Surface and corrosion electrochemical characterization of titanium foams for implant applications. J. Electrochem. Soc. 153, B13–B21 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. A. Salehi, F. Barzegar, H.A. Mashhadi, S. Nokhasteh, M.S. Abravi, Influence of pore characteristics on electrochemical and biological behavior of Ti foams. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 26, 3756–3766 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. J. Wei, S. Wei, G. Wang, X. He, B. Gao, C. Zhao, PPy modified titanium foam electrode with high performance for supercapacitor. Eur. Polym. J. 49, 3651–3656 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. H. Choi, H. Park, J.H. Um, W.-S. Yoon, H. Choe, Processing and characterization of titanium dioxide grown on titanium foam for potential use as Li-ion electrode. Appl. Surf. Sci. 411, 363–367 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. I.K. Park, C.-Y. Ahn, J.H. Lee, D.W. Lee, C.H. Lee, Y.-H. Cho, Y.-E. Sung, Three-dimensionally interconnected titanium foam anode for an energy-efficient zero gap-type chlor-alkali electrolyzer. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 44, 16079–16086 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Y. Sun, S. Cheng, Z. Yu, L. Li, C. Li, J. Yang, Elucidating deactivation mechanisms of Pd-doped and un-doped Ti/SnO2-Sb electrodes. J. Alloys Compd. 834, 155184–155193 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. L.S. Yang, J.F. Liu, L.L. Huang, Z.H. Zhang, Y.L. Yu, J. Liu, B.E. Logan, Y.J. Feng, Fabrication of nano-structured stacked sphere SnO2-Sb electrode with enhanced performance using a situ solvothermal synthesis method. J. Electrochem. Soc. 165, E208–E213 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. H. Xu, Q. Zhang, W. Yan, W. Chu, A composite Sb-doped SnO2 electrode based on the TiO2 nanotubes prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 6, 6639–6652 (2011)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Y. Wang, H. Duan, Z. Pei, L. Xu, Hydrothermal synthesis of 3D hierarchically flower-like structure Ti/SnO2-Sb electrode with long service life and high electrocatalytic performance. J. Electroanal. Chem. 855, 113 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. S. Das, V. Jayaraman, SnO2: a comprehensive review on structures and gas sensors. Prog. Mater. Sci. 66, 112–255 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. L.S. Yang, Z.H. Zhang, J.F. Liu, L.L. Huang, L. Jia, Y.J. Feng, Influence of Gd doping on the structure and electrocatalytic performance of TiO2 nanotube/SnO2-Sb mano-coated electrode. ChemElectroChem 5, 3451–3459 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Q. Ni, D.W. Kirk, S.J. Thorpe, Characterization of the mixed oxide layer structure of the Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5 anode by photoelectron spectroscopy and impedance spectroscopy. J. Electrochem. Soc. 162, H40–H46 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. J.F. Moulder, J. Chastain, R.C.J. King, Handbook of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: a reference book of standard spectra for identification and interpretation of XPS data. Chem. Phys. Lett. 220, 7–10 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  38. P.A. Cox, R.G. Egdell, C. Harding, W.R. Patterson, P.J. Tavener, Surface-properties of antimony doped tin(IV) oxide-a study by electron-spectroscopy. Surf. Sci. 123, 179–203 (1982)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. F. Montilla, E. Morallon, A. De Battisti, S. Barison, S. Daolio, J.L. Vazquez, Preparation and characterization of antimony-doped tin dioxide electrodes. Part 3. XPS and SIMS characterization. J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 15976–15981 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. L. Zhang, L. Xu, J. He, J. Zhang, Preparation of Ti/SnO2-Sb electrodes modified by carbon nanotube for anodic oxidation of dye wastewater and combination with nanofiltration. Electrochim. Acta 117, 192–201 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. T.G. Duan, Y. Chen, Q. Wen, Y. Duan, Enhanced electrocatalytic activity of nano-TiN composited Ti/Sb-SnO2 electrode fabricated by pulse electrodeposition for methylene blue decolorization. RSC Adv. 4, 57463–57475 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. X. Chen, G. Chen, Stable Ti/RuO2–Sb2O5–SnO2 electrodes for O2 evolution. Electrochim. Acta 50, 4155–4159 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. X. Chen, G. Chen, P.L. Yue, Stable Ti/IrOx−Sb2O5−SnO2 anode for O2 evolution with low Ir content. J. Phys. Chem. B 105, 4623–4628 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Y. Duan, Y. Chen, Q. Wen, T. Duan, Electrodeposition preparation of a cauliflower-like Sb–SnO2 electrode from DMSO solution for electrochemical dye decolorization. RSC Adv. 6, 48043–48048 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Y. Duan, Y. Chen, Q. Wen, T. Duan, Fabrication of dense spherical and rhombic Ti/Sb–SnO2 electrodes with enhanced electrochemical activity by colloidal electrodeposition. J. Electroanal. Chem. 768, 81–88 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. C. Shao, A. Chen, B. Yan, Q. Shao, K. Zhu, Improvement of electrochemical performance of tin dioxide electrodes through manganese and antimony co-doping. J. Electroanal. Chem. 778, 7–11 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. T. Wu, G.H. Zhao, Y.Z. Lei, P.Q. Li, Distinctive tin dioxide anode fabricated by pulse electrodeposition: high oxygen evolution potential and efficient electrochemical degradation of fluorobenzene. J. Phys. Chem. C 115, 3888–3898 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Y. Jiang, Y. Wang, J. Sagendorf, D. West, X.F. Kou, X. Wei, L. He, K.L. Wang, S.B. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Direct atom-by-atom chemical identification of nanostructures and defects of topological insulators. Nano Lett. 13, 2851–2856 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Y. Sun, S. Cheng, Z. Mao, Z. Lin, X. Ren, Z. Yu, High electrochemical activity of a Ti/SnO2-Sb electrode electrodeposited using deep eutectic solvent. Chemosphere 239, 124715 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52070162), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFA0901300) and Open Fund Project for State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization with Zhejiang University (Grant No. ZJUCEU2020022).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy, Department of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China

    Yi Sun, Beichen Jin, Ruonan Gu, Zhen Yu & Shaoan Cheng

  2. PowerChina Huadong Engineering Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, 310014, People’s Republic of China

    Yi Sun & Tang Qian

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK

    Wenfeng Lin

Authors
  1. Yi Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Beichen Jin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Tang Qian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ruonan Gu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Zhen Yu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Wenfeng Lin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Shaoan Cheng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shaoan Cheng.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

There are no conflicts of interest to declare.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOC 746 kb).

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sun, Y., Jin, B., Qian, T. et al. High-performance three-dimensional SnO2–Sb electrode supported on titanium foam substrate prepared by solvothermal process. Journal of Materials Research 37, 2951–2960 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1557/s43578-022-00699-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/s43578-022-00699-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation