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Multi-step cefazolin sodium release from bioactive TiO2 nanotubes: Surface and polymer coverage effects

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Abstract

Bacterial implant-related infections have been pointed out as the leading cause of metal implant failure. Recently, nanotexturization of biomaterials surface associated with antibiotic loading revealed itself as a promising strategy for enhancing osseointegration while mitigating bacterial infections. However, fewer studies describe the effects of multi-step local drug delivery. This study investigates 1 mg Cefazolin Sodium (CS) release from anodic nanotextured titanium-based devices and the effect of polymer coverage with differential aqua solubility characteristics (Chitosan—CH and Carboxymethylcellulose—CM). Results show that larger inner pore diameters are related to longer drug release times on uncovered samples. The polymeric coverage decreases the release rates, highlighting the Carboxymethylcellulose boosting the Cefazolin release time by 51–77 fold. All biomaterials exhibited a low or absent hemolytic activity and considerable bacteria inactivation. In summary, 40 °C/CM-based samples present the most promising results for drug release devices.

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Data availability

All data analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information (SI) files.

Abbreviations

CH:

Chitosan

CM:

Carboxymethylcellulose

CS:

Cefazolin sodium

ERCs:

Erythrocytes

HS:

High soluble

KP:

Korsmeyer–Peppas

LS:

Low soluble polymer

MPS:

Modified Peppas–Sahlim

NIZ:

Normalized inhibition zone

PCD:

Polymer-covered diffusion

PS:

Peppas–Sahlim

SBF:

Simulated body fluid

TiO2NTs:

TiO2 nanotubes

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to ABL—Antibioticos do Brasil for CS supply, UFSCar, Analysis Center of UTFPR-PB, Biocenter Clinical Analysis Laboratory, and LNNano – Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (CNPEM/MCTI) for the use of the Thermo Fisher Scientific Quanta 650 FEG microscopy lab open access facility.

Funding

This work was supported by UTFPR [PAPCDT 06/2016 and 07/2017]. This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Via do Conhecimento, Km 1, Pato Branco, 85503-390, Brazil

    Anna Paulla Simon, Carlise Hannel Ferreira, Vidiany Aparecida Queiroz Santos, Patricia Teixeira Marques, Henrique Emilio Zorel Jr & Mariana de Souza Sikora

  2. Midwestern Parana State University (UNICENTRO), Campus CEDETEG, Alameda Élio Antonio Dalla Vecchia, Guarapuava, 85040-167, Brazil

    Anna Paulla Simon & Mariana de Souza Sikora

  3. Department of Medicine, University Center of Pato Branco (UNIDEP), Benjamin Borges dos Santos, Pato Branco, 1100, 85503-350, Brazil

    Vidiany Aparecida Queiroz Santos

  4. Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Via João Leme dos Santos Km 110, Sorocaba, 18052-780, Brazil

    Andressa Rodrigues, Janaina Soares Santos & Francisco Trivinho-Strixino

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  1. Anna Paulla Simon
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Correspondence to Mariana de Souza Sikora.

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The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

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Hemolytic Activity was conducted according to the ethics committee standards of Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, under project number: 02153418.2.0000.5547.

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Simon, A.P., Ferreira, C.H., Santos, V.A.Q. et al. Multi-step cefazolin sodium release from bioactive TiO2 nanotubes: Surface and polymer coverage effects. Journal of Materials Research 36, 1510–1523 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1557/s43578-021-00202-9

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