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Self-assembled materials for electrochemical energy storage

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Abstract

Electrochemical energy-storage systems such as supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries require complex intertwined networks that provide fast transport pathways for ions and electrons without interfering with their energy density. Self-assembly of nanomaterials into hierarchical structures offers exciting possibilities to create such pathways. This article summarizes recent research achievements in self-assembled zero-dimensional, one-dimensional, and two-dimensional nanomaterials, ordered pore structure materials, and the interfaces between these. We analyze how self-assembly strategies can create storage architectures that improve device performance toward higher energy densities, longevity, rate capability, and device safety. At the end, the remaining challenges of scalable low-cost manufacturing and future opportunities such as self-healing are discussed.

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Acknowledgments

Y.C. acknowledges the support from the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies, of the US Department of Energy under the Battery Materials Research Program and the Battery500 Consortium Program. P.B. and V.W. are funded by a European Research Council Starting Grant (860070). The authors also acknowledge the 3D rendering image of a microstructure provided by S. Mueller (ETH Zürich).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Stanford University, USA

    Hao Chen & Khande-Jaé Fisher

  2. ETH Zürich, Switzerland

    Peter Benedek & Vanessa Wood

  3. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, USA

    Yi Cui

Authors
  1. Hao Chen
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  2. Peter Benedek
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  3. Khande-Jaé Fisher
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  4. Vanessa Wood
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Correspondence to Hao Chen.

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Hao Chen is a postdoctoral research associate at Stanford University. He earned his PhD degree from Zhejiang University, China, in 2017. He has more than six years of experience in developing high-performance Li-S battery material and Al-ion battery materials. Chen has authored/co-authored 29 peer-reviewed articles. His current research interests include Li-metal anode and sulfur cathode material design. Chen can be reached by email at haochen9@stanford.edu.

Peter Benedek is a graduate student at ETH Zürich, Switzerland. His current research focuses on charge dynamics in lithium-ion batteries, with a special focus on interfaces. He is co-chair of the Gordon research Seminar on Nanomaterials for Applications in Energy Technology, and he has six years of experience in energy-storage technologies. Benedek can be reached by email at benedekp@ethz.ch.

Khande-Jaé Fisher is an undergraduate student at Stanford University, pursuing a BS degree in materials science and engineering with a focus on energy. Her current research focuses on various battery materials and their applications. Fisher can be reached by email at kjfisher@stanford.edu.

Vanessa Wood is a professor and the head of the Department for Information Technology and Electrical Engineering at ETH Zürich, Switzerland. She received her BS degree in applied physics from Yale University in 2005, an MSc degree in electrical engineering and computer science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 2007, and a PhD degree in electrical engineering from MIT in 2009. She has published more than 80 publications and received the MRS Outstanding Young Investigator Award in 2018. Wood can be reached by email at vwood@ethz.ch.

Yi Cui is a professor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Stanford University. He received his BS degree from the University of Science and Technology of China, and his PhD degree from Harvard University. He was a Miller Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of California, Berkeley, and joined the Stanford University faculty in 2005. His research interests focus on materials for sustainability, including energy and the environment. He has published approximately 490 research papers and has an H-index of 200 (Google). He is a Fellow of the Materials Research Society, The Electrochemical Society, and the Royal Society of Chemistry. Cui can be reached by email at yicui@stanford.edu.

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Chen, H., Benedek, P., Fisher, KJ. et al. Self-assembled materials for electrochemical energy storage. MRS Bulletin 45, 815–822 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2020.247

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