Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) quantum materials offer a unique platform to explore mesoscopic phenomena driven by interfacial and topological effects. Their tunable electric properties and bidimensional nature enable their integration into sophisticated heterostructures with engineered properties, resulting in the emergence of new exotic phenomena not accessible in other platforms. This has fostered many studies on 2D ferromagnetism, proximity-induced effects, and quantum transport, demonstrating their relevance for fundamental research and future device applications. Here, we review ongoing progress in this lively research field with special emphasis on spin-related phenomena.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A.K. Geim, I.V. Grigorieva, Nature 499, 419 (2013).
K.S. Novoselov, A. Mishchenko, A. Carvalho, A.H. Castro Neto, Science 353, 461 (2016).
X. Qian, J. Liu, L. Fu, J. Li, Science 346, 1344 (2014).
M.Z. Hasan, C.L. Kane, Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 3045 (2010).
S. Wu, V. Fatemi, Q.D. Gibson, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, R.J. Cava, P. Jarillo-Herrero, Science 359, 76 (2018).
B. Huang, G. Clark, E. Navarro-Moratalla, D.R. Klein, R. Cheng, K.L. Seyler, D. Zhong, E. Schimidgall, M.A. MacGuire, D.H. Cobden, W. Yao, D. Xiao, P. Jarillo-Herrero, X. Xu, Nature 546, 270 (2017).
M. Yankowitz, Q. Ma, P. Jarillo-Herrero, B.J. LeRoy, Nat. Rev. Phys. 1, 112 (2019).
Y. Cao, V. Fatemi, S. Fang, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, E. Kaxiras, P. Jarillo-Herrero, Nature 556, 43 (2018).
C.L. Kane, E.J. Mele, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 226801 (2005).
M. Gmitra, J. Fabian, Phys. Rev. B. Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 92, 155403 (2015).
T.S. Ghiasi, J. Ingla-Aynés, A.A. Kaverzin, B.J. van Wees, Nano Lett. 17, 7528 (2017).
L.A. Benítez, J.F. Sierra, W. Savero Torres, A. Arrighi, F. Bonell, M.V. Costache, S.O. Valenzuela, Nat. Phys. 14, 303 (2018).
C.K. Safeer, J. Ingla-Aynés, F. Herling, J.H. Garcia, M. Vila, N. Ontoso, M. Reyes Calvo, S. Roche, L.E. Hueso, F. Casanova, Nano Lett. 19, 1074 (2019).
T.S. Ghiasi, A.A. Kaverzin, P.J. Blah, B.J. van Wees, Nano Lett. 19, 5959 (2019).
L.A. Benítez, W. Savero Torres, J.F. Sierra, M. Timmermans, J.H. Garcia, S. Roche, M.V. Costache, S.O. Valenzuela, Nat. Mater. 19, 170 (2020).
S. Manipatruni, D.E. Nikonov, C.-C. Lin, T.A. Gosavi, H. Liu, B. Prasad, Y.-L. Huang, E. Bonturim, R. Ramesh, I.A. Young, Nature 565, 35 (2019).
Z. Wang, D.-K. Ki, H. Chen, H. Berger, A.H. MacDonald, A.F. Morpurgo, Nat. Commun. 6, 8339 (2015).
S. Zihlmann, A.W. Cummings, J.H. Garcia, M. Kedves, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, C. Schonenberger, Phys. Rev. B 97, 075434 (2018).
T. Wakamura, F. Reale, P. Palczynski, S. Gueron, C. Mattevi, H. Bouchiat, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120,106802 (2018).
B. Yang, M.-F. Tu, J. Kim, Y. Wu, H. Wang, J. Alicea, R. Wu, M. Bockrath, J. Shi, 2D Mater. 3, 031012 (2016).
J.H. Garcia, M. Vila, A.W. Cummings, S. Roche, Chem. Soc. Rev. 47, 3359 (2018).
A.M. Alsharari, M.M. Asmar, S.E. Ulloa, Phys. Rev. B 94, 241106 (2016).
M. Gmitra, D. Kochan, P. Högl, J. Fabian, Phys. Rev. B 93, 155104 (2016).
A.W. Cummings, J.H. Garcia, J. Fabian, S. Roche, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 206601 (2017).
J.H. Garcia, A.W. Cummings, S. Roche, Nano Lett. 17, 5078 (2017).
M. Offidani, M. Milletarì, R. Raimondi, A. Ferreira, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 196801 (2017).
J. Sinova, S.O. Valenzuela, J. Wunderlich, C.H. Back, T. Jungwirth, Rev. Mod. Phys. 87, 1213 (2015).
N.A. Sinitsyn, J.E. Hill, H. Min, J. Sinova, A.H. MacDonald, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 106804 (2006).
A. Manchon, H.C. Koo, J. Nitta, S.M. Frolov, R.A. Duine, Nat. Mater. 14, 871 (2015).
L.A. Benítez, J.F. Sierra, W. Savero Torres, M. Timmermans, M.V. Costache, S.O. Valenzuela, APL Mater. 7,120701 (2019).
K.S. Burch, D. Mandrus, J.G. Park, Nature 563, 47 (2018).
M. Gibertini, M. Koperski, A.F. Morpurgo, K.S. Novoselov, Nat. Nanotechnol. 14, 408 (2019).
C. Gong, L. Li, Z. Li, H. Ji, A. Stern, Y. Xia, T. Cao, W. Bao, C. Wang, Y. Wang, Z.Q. Qiu, R.J. Cava, S.G. Louie, J. Xia, W. Zhang, Nature 546, 265 (2017).
Y. Deng, Y. Deng, Y. Yu, Y. Song, J. Zhang, N.Z. Wang, Z. Sun, Y. Yi, Y.Z. Wu, S. Wu, J. Zhu, J. Wang, X.H. Chen, Y. Zhang, Nature 563, 94 (2018).
M. Bonilla, S. Kolekar, Y. Ma, H. Coy Diaz, V. Kalappattil, R. Das, T. Eggers, H.R. Gutierrez, M.-H. Phan, M. Batzill, Nat. Nanotechnol. 13, 289 (2018).
D.J. O’Hara, T. Zhu, A.H. Trout, A.S. Ahmed, Y.K. Luo, C.H. Lee, M.R. Brenner, S. Rajan, J.A. Gupta, D.W. McComb, R.K. Kawakami, Nano Lett. 18, 3125 (2018).
B. Li, T. Xing, M. Zhong, L. Huang, N. Lei, J. Zhang, J. Li, Z. Wei, Nat. Commun. 8, 1958 (2017).
M.T. Dau, C. Vergnaud, M. Gay, C.J. Alvarez, A. Marty, C. Beigné, D. Jalabert, J.-F. Jacquot, O. Renault, H. Okuno, M. Jamet, APL Mater. 7, 051111 (2019).
J.-U. Lee, S. Lee, J.H. Ryoo, S. Kang, T.Y. Kim, P. Kim, C.-H. Park, J.-G. Park, H. Cheong, Nano Lett. 16, 7433 (2016).
M. Nakano, Y. Wang, S. Yoshida, H. Matsuoka, Y. Majima, K. Ikeda, Y. Hirata, Y. Takeda, H. Wadati, Y. Kohama, Y. Ohigashi, M. Sakano, K. Ishizaka, Y. Iwasa, Nano Lett. 19, 8806 (2019).
Q. Li, M. Yang, C. Gong, R.V. Chopdekar, A.T. N’Diaye, J. Turner, G. Chen, A. Scholl, P. Shafer, E. Arenholz, A.K. Schmid, S. Wang, K. Liu, N. Gao, A.S. Admasu, S.-W. Cheong, C. Hwang, J. Li, F. Wang, X. Zhang, Z. Qiu, Nano Lett. 18, 5974 (2018).
S. Jiang, J. Shan, K.F. Mak, Nat. Mater. 17, 406 (2018).
Z. Wang, I. Gutiérrez-Lezama, N. Ubrig, M. Kroner, M. Gibertini, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, A. Imamoğlu, E. Giannini, A.F. Morpurgo, Nat. Commun. 9, 2516 (2018).
D.R. Klein, D. MacNeill, J.L. Lado, D. Soriano, E. Navarro-Moratalla, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, S. Manni, P. Canfield, J. Fernández-Rossier, P. Jarillo-Herrero, Science 360, 1218 (2018).
T. Song, X. Cai, M.W.-Y. Tu, X. Zhang, B. Huang, N.P. Wilson, K.L. Seyler, L. Zhu, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, M.A. McGuire, D.H. Cobden, D. Xiao, W. Yao, X. Xu, Science 360, 1214 (2018).
X. Wang, J. Tang, X. Xia, C. He, J. Zhang, Y. Liu, C. Wan, C. Fang, C. Guo, W. Yang, Y. Guang, X. Zhang, H. Xu, J. Wei, M. Liao, X. Lu, J. Feng, X. Li, Y. Peng, H. Wei, R. Yang, D. Shi, X. Zhang, Z. Han, Z. Zhang, G. Zhang, G. Yu, X. Han, Sci. Adv. 5, eaaw8904 (2019).
M. Alghamdi, M. Lohmann, J. Li, P.R. Jothi, Q. Shao, M. Aldosary, T. Su, B.P.T. Fokwa, J. Shi, Nano Lett. 19, 4400 (2019).
K. Kim, J. Seo, E. Lee, K.-T. Ko, B.S. Kim, B.G. Jang, J.M. Ok, J. Lee, Y.J. Jo, W. Kang, J.H. Shim, C. Kim, H.W. Yeom, B.I. Min, B.-J. Yang, J.S. Kim, Nat. Mater. 17, 794 (2018).
M. Mogi, T. Nakajima, V. Ukleev, A. Tsukazaki, R. Yoshimi, M. Kawamura, K.S. Takahashi, T. Hanashima, K. Kakurai, T.-h. Arima, M. Kawasaki, Y. Tokura, Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 016804 (2019).
W.-Y. Tong, S.-J. Gong, X. Wan, C.-G. Duan, Nat. Commun. 7, 13612 (2016).
A. Manchon, J. Železný, I.M. Miron, T. Jungwirth, J. Sinova, A. Thiaville, K. Garello, P. Gambardella, Rev. Mod. Phys. 91, 035004 (2019).
Y. Fan, X. Kou, P. Upadhyaya, Q. Shao, L. Pan, M. Lang, X. Che, J. Tang, M. Montazeri, K. Murata, L.-T. Chang, M. Akyol, G. Yu, T. Nie, K.L. Wong, J. Liu, Y. Wang, Y. Tserkovnyak, K.L. Wang, Nat. Nanotechnol. 11, 352 (2016).
K. Yasuda, A. Tsukazaki, R. Yoshimi, K. Kondou, K.S. Takahashi, Y. Otani, M. Kawasaki, Y. Tokura, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 137204 (2017).
A.R. Mellnik, J.S. Lee, A. Richardella, J.L. Grab, P.J. Mintun, M.H. Fischer, A. Vaezi, A. Manchon, E.-A. Kim, N. Samarth, D.C. Ralph, Nature 511, 449 (2014).
K. Kondou, R. Yoshimi, A. Tsukazaki, Y. Fukuma, J. Matsuno, K.S. Takahashi, M. Kawasaki, Y. Tokura, Y. Otani, Nat. Phys. 12, 1027 (2016).
Y. Wang, D. Zhu, Y. Wu, Y. Yang, J. Yu, R. Ramaswamy, R. Mishra, S. Shi, M. Elyasi, K.-L. Teo, Y. Wu, H. Yang, Nat. Commun. 8, 1364 (2017).
P.B. Ndiaye, C.A. Akosa, M.H. Fischer, A. Vaezi, E.-A. Kim, A. Manchon, Phys. Rev. B 96, 014408 (2017).
K.W. Kim, K.J. Lee, J. Sinova, H.W. Lee, M.D. Stiles, Phys. Rev. B 96, 104438 (2017).
J. Zhang, J.P. Velev, X. Dang, E.Y. Tsymbal, Phys. Rev. B 94, 014435 (2016).
J.M. Marmolejo-Tejada, K. Dolui, P. Lazić, P-H. Chang, S. Smidstrup, D. Stradi, K. Stokbro, B.K. Nikolić, Nano Lett. 17, 5626 (2017).
P.D.C. King, R.C. Hatch, M. Bianchi, R. Ovsyannikov, C. Lupulescu, G. Landolt, B. Slomski, J.H. Dil, D. Guan, J.L. Mi, E.D.L. Rienks, J. Fink, A. Lindblad, S. Svensson, S. Bao, G. Balakrishnan, B.B. Iversen, J. Osterwalder, W. Eberhardt, F. Baumberger, Ph. Hofmann, Phys. Rev Lett. 107, 096802 (2011).
L.A. Walsh, C.M. Smyth, AT. Barton, Q. Wang, Z. Che, R. Yue, J. Kim, M.J. Kim, R.M. Wallace, C.L. Hinkle, J. Phys. Chem. C 121, 23551 (2017).
K. Ferfolja, M. Valant, I. Mikulska, S. Gardonio, M. Fanetti, J. Phys. Chem. C 122, 9980 (2018).
J. Li, Z.Y. Wang, A. Tan, P.-A. Glans, E. Arenholz, C. Hwang, J. Shi, Z.Q. Qiu, Phys. Rev. B. Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 86, 054430 (2012).
P. Li, J. Kally, S.S.-L. Zhang, T. Pillsbury, J. Ding, G. Csaba, J. Ding, J.S. Jiang, Y. Liu, R. Sinclai, C. Bi, A. DeMann, G. Rima, W. Zhang, S.B. Field, J. Tang, W. Wang, O.G. Heinonen, V. Novosad, A. Hoffmann, N. Samarth, M. Wu. Sci. Adv. 5, eaaw3415 (2019).
D. MacNeill, G.M. Stiehl, M.H.D. Guimaraes, R.A. Buhrman, J. Park, D.C. Ralph, Nat. Phys. 13, 300 (2017).
M.H.D. Guimarães, G.M. Stiehl, D. MacNeill, N.D. Reynolds, D.C. Ralph, Nano Lett. 18, 1311 (2018).
Q. Shao, G. Yu, Y-W. Lan, Y. Shi, M.-Y Li, C. Zheng, X. Zhu, L.-J. Li, P.K. Amiri, K.L. Wang, Nano Lett. 16, 7514 (2016).
M. König, H. Buhmann, L.W. Molenkamp, T. Hughes, C.-X. Liu, X.-L. Qi, S.-C. Zhang, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 77, 031007 (2008).
K.S. Novoselov, A.K. Geim, S.V. Morozov, D. Jiang, M.I. Katsnelson, I.V. Grigorieva, S.V. Dubonos, A.A. Firsov, Nature 438, 197 (2005).
Y. Zhang, Y.W. Tan, H.L. Stormer, P. Kim, Nature 438, 201 (2005).
Y. Zhang, Z. Jiang, J.P. Small, M.S. Purewal, Y-W. Tan, M. Fazlollahi, J.D. Chudow, J.A. Jaszczak, H.L. Stormer, P. Kim, Phys. Rev Lett. 96, 136806 (2006).
A.F. Young, C.R. Dean, L. Wang, H. Ren, P. Cadden-Zimansky, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, J. Hone, K.L. Shepard, P. Kim, Nat. Phys. 8, 550 (2012).
A.F. Young, J.D. Sanchez-Yamagishi, B. Hunt, S.H. Choi, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, R.C. Ashoori, P. Jarillo-Herrero, Nature 505, 528 (2014).
P. Stepanov, S. Che, D. Shcherbakov, J. Yang, R. Chen, K. Thilahar, G. Voigt, M.W. Bockrath, D. Smirnov, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, R.K. Lake, Y. Barlas, A.H. MacDonald, C.N. Lau, Nat. Phys. 14, 907 (2018).
P. Maher, C.R. Dean, A.F. Young, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, K.L. Shepard, J. Hone, P. Kim, Nat. Phys. 9, 154 (2013).
D.A. Abanin, P.A. Lee, L.S. Levitov, Phys. Rev Lett. 96, 176803 (2006).
H. Polshyn, H. Zhou, E.M. Spanton, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, A.F. Young, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 226801 (2018).
D.S. Wei, T. van der Sar, S.H. Lee, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, B.I. Halperin, A. Yacoby, Science 362, 229 (2018).
S. Takei, A. Yacoby, B.I. Halperin, Y. Tserkovnyak, Phys. Rev Lett. 116, 216801 (2016).
A.L. Sharpe, E.J. Fox, A.W. Barnard, J. Finney, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi M.A. Kastner, D. Goldhaber-Gordon, Science (80-) 365, 605 (2019).
M. Serlin, C.L. Tschirhart, H. Polshyn, Y. Zhang, J. Zhu, K. Watanabe T. Taniguchi, L. Balents, A.F. Young, Science 367, eaay5533 (2019).
S. Tang, C. Zhang, D. Wong, Z. Pedramrazi, H.-Z. Tsai, C. Jia, B. Moritz, M. Claassen, H. Ryu, S. Kahn, J. Jiang, H. Yan, M. Hashimoto, D. Lu, R.G. Moore, C.-C. Hwang, C. Hwang, Z. Hussain, Y. Chen, M.M. Ugeda, Z. Liu, X. Xie, T.P. Devereaux, M.F. Crommie, S.-K. Mo, Z.-X. Shen, Nat. Phys. 13, 683 (2017).
Z. Fei, T. Palomaki, S. Wu, W. Zhao, X. Cai, B. Sun, P. Nguyen, J. Finney, X. Xu, D.H. Cobden, Nat. Phys. 13, 677 (2017).
Acknowledgements
We would like to acknowledge the financial support by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program Graphene Flagship CORE 2, under Grant No. 785219; the European Research Council under Grant No. 306652 SPIN-BOUND; the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, MINECO (under Contract Nos. FIS2015-62641-ERC, MAT201675952-R, and SEV-2017-0706 Severo Ochoa); and the CERCA Program and the Secretariat for Universities and Research, Knowledge Department of the Generalitat de Catalunya 2017 SGR 827.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Savero Torres, W., Sierra, J.F., Benítez, L.A. et al. Magnetism, spin dynamics, and quantum transport in two-dimensional systems. MRS Bulletin 45, 357–365 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2020.121
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2020.121