Abstract
The practical realization of energy-efficient computing vectors is imperative to address the break-down in the scaling of power consumption with transistor dimensions, which has led to substantial underutilized chip space. Memristive elements that encode information in multiple internal states and reflect the dynamical evolution of these states are a promising alternative. Herein we report the observation of pinched loop hysteretic type-II memristive behavior in single-crystalline nanowires of a versatile class of layered vanadium oxide bronzes with the composition δ[M(H2O)4]0.25V2O5 (M= Co, Ni, Zn), the origin of which is thought to be the diffusion of protons in the interlayer regions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
R.H. Dennard, F.H. Gaensslen, V.L. Rideout, E. Bassous, and A.R. LeBlanc.: Design of ion-implanted MOSFET’s with very small physical dimensions. Proc. IEEE 87, 668 (1999).
M.B. Taylor.: A landscape of the new dark silicon design regime. IEEE Micro 33, 8 (2013).
Y. Zhou and S. Ramanathan.: Correlated electron materials and field effect transistors for logic: a review. Crit. Rev. Solid State Mater. Sci. 38, 286 (2013).
L.O. Chua, and S.M. Kang.: Memristive devices and systems. Proc. IEEE 64, 209 (1976).
Y.V. Pershin, and M. Di Ventra: Memory effects in complex materials and nanoscale systems. Adv. Phys. 60, 145 (2011).
M.D. Pickett, G. Medeiros-Ribeiro, and R.S. Williams.: A scalable neuristor built with Mott memristors. Nat. Mater. 12, 114 (2013).
T.H. Kim, E.Y. Jang, N.J. Lee, D.J. Choi, K.J. Lee, J.T. Jang, J.S. Choi, S.H. Moon, and J. Cheon.: Nanoparticle assemblies as memristors. Nano Lett. 9, 2229 (2009).
P.M. Marley, G.A. Horrocks, K.E. Pelcher, and S. Banerjee.: Transformers: the changing phases of low-dimensional vanadium oxide bronzes. Chem. Commun. 51, 5181 (2015).
S.D. Ha and S. Ramanathan.: Adaptive oxide electronics: a review. J. Appl. Phys. 110, 71101 (2011).
Z. Sun, T. Liao, Y. Dou, S.M. Hwang, M.-S. Park, L. Jiang, J.H. Kim, and S.X. Dou.: Generalized self-assembly of scalable two-dimensional transition metal oxide nanosheets. Nat. Commun. 5, 3813 (2014).
T. Driscoll, H.-T. Kim, B.-G. Chae, B.-J. Kim, Y.-W. Lee, N.M. Jokerst, S. Palit, D.R. Smith, M. Di Ventra, and D.N. Basov.: Memory metamaterials. Science 325, 1518 (2009).
L. Whittaker, C.J. Patridge, and S. Banerjee.: Microscopic and nanoscale perspective of the metal-insulator phase transitions of VO2: some new twists to an old tale. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2, 745 (2011).
S. Singh, T.A. Abtew, G. Horrocks, C. Kilcoyne, P.M. Marley, A.A. Stabile, S. Banerjee, P. Zhang, and G. Sambandamurthy.: Selective electrochemical reactivity of rutile VO2 towards the suppression of metal-insulator transition. Phys. Rev. B 93, 125132 (2016).
J. Shi, S.D. Ha, Y. Zhou, F. Schoofs, and S. Ramanathan.: A correlated nickelate synaptic transistor. Nat. Commun. 4, 3676 (2013).
T.-L. Wu, A.A. Stabile, C.J. Patridge, S. Banerjee, and G. Sambandamurthy.: Electrically driven metal-insulator switching in δ-KxV2O5 nanowires. Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 163502 (2012).
P.M. Marley, A.A. Stabile, C.P. Kwan, S. Singh, P. Zhang, G. Sambandamurthy, and S. Banerjee.: Charge disproportionation and voltage-induced metal-insulator transitions evidenced in β-PbxV2O5 nanowires. Adv. Funct. Mater. 23, 153 (2013).
P.M. Marley, S. Singh, T.A. Abtew, C. Jaye, D.A. Fischer, P. Zhang, G. Sambandamurthy, and S. Banerjee.: Electronic phase transitions of δ-AgxV2O5 nanowires: Interplay between geometric and electronic structures. J. Phys. Chem. C 118, 21235 (2014).
B. Yan, and P.A. Maggard.: M(bipyridine)V4O10 (M = Cu, Ag): Hybrid analogues of low-dimensional reduced vanadates. Inorg. Chem. 46, 6640 (2007).
P.M. Marley, and S. Banerjee.: Reversible interconversion of a divalent vanadium bronze between δ and β quasi-1D structures. Inorg. Chem. 51, 5264 (2012).
Y. Oka, T. Yao, and N. Yamamoto.: Crystal structures of hydrated vanadium oxides with δ-Type V2O5 Layers: δ-M0.25V2O5·H2O, M, Ca, Ni. J. Solid State Chem. 329, 323 (1997).
M. Clites, B.W. Byles, and E. Pomerantseva.: Effect of aging and hydrotherma treatment on electrochemical performance of chemically pre-intercalated Na-;V-;O nanowires for Na-ion batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 4, 7754 (2016).
J.L. Andrews, L.R. De Jesus, T.M. Tolhurst, P.M. Marley, A. Moewes, and S. Banerjee.: Intercalation-induced dimensional reduction and thickness-modulate electronic structure of a layered ternary vanadium oxide. Chem. Mater. 29, 3285 (2017).
S.E. Savel’ev, A.S. Alexandrov, A.M. Bratkovsky, and R.S. Williams.: Molecular dynamics simulations of oxide memristors: thermal effects. Appl. Phys. A Mater. Sci. Process. 102, 891 (2011).
T. Yao, Y. Oka, and N. Yamamoto.: Layered structures of hydrated vanadium oxides. Part 2. Alkali-metal Intercalates. J. Mater. Chem. 2, 337 (1992).
J.J. Yang, M.D. Pickett, X. Li, D.A.A. Ohlberg, D.R. Stewart, and R.S. Williams.: Memristive switching mechanism for metal/oxide/metal nanodevices. Nat. Nanotechnol. 3, 429 (2008).
N.B. Milic, and R.M. Jelic.: Hydrolysis of zinc(II) ion in sodium nitrate, chloride and perchlorate medium: the effect of the anionic medium. J. Chem. Soc., Dalt. Trans. 3, 3597 (1995).
G. Giasson, and P.H. Tewari.: Hydrolysis of Co(II) at elevated temperatures. Can. J. Chem. 56, 435 (1978).
C.F. Baes, and R.S. Mesmer.: The hydrolysis of cations. Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chemie 81, 245 (1977).
A. Parija, D. Prendergast, and S. Banerjee.: Evaluation of multivalent cation insertion in single- and double-layered polymorphs of V2O5. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9, 23756 (2017).
E.R. Nightingale.: Phenomenological theory of ion solvation. Effective Radii of hydrated ions. J. Phys. Chem. 63, 1381 (1959).
Acknowledgments
J.L.A. and S.B. acknowledge funding support from the National Science Foundation under DMR 1504702. S.B. and P.J.S. acknowledge support from a College of Science Strategic Transformative Research Program award. Synchrotron data for δ-[Ni(H2O)4]0.25V2O5 was collected at beamline 11-BM of the Advanced Photon Source. S.S., C.K., and G.S. acknowledge partial support from the National Science Foundation under DMR 0847324.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Supplementary material
The supplementary material for this article can be found at https://doi.org/10.1557/mrc.2017.64.
Supplementary Materials
Supplementary Materials
The supplementary material for this article can be found at https://doi.org/10.1557/mrc.2017.64.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Andrews, J.L., Singh, S., Kilcoyne, C. et al. Memristive response of a new class of hydrated vanadium oxide intercalation compounds. MRS Communications 7, 634–641 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1557/mrc.2017.64
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/mrc.2017.64