Abstract
The hydrobaric effect on photoactivity of titanium dioxide (TiO2) fabricated by cathodic deposition in an aqueous solution was evaluated in this study. When the applied pressure was increased to 35 MPa, the water-splitting performance was improved by almost fourfold of the performance of the TiO2 prepared at atmospheric pressure. The surface states effect was significant in the deposited TiO2, which was exploited to affect the charges recombination of TiO2, and thereby enhance the resultant photoelectrochemical water-splitting performance. The hydrobaric cathodic deposition could be extended to fabrication of other metal oxides to eliminate the negative influence from the high-temperature process.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
B. Xiang, Y. Zhang, Z. Wang, X.H. Luo, Y.W. Zhu, H.Z. Zhang, and D.P. Yu: Field-emission properties of TiO2 nanowire arrays. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 38, 1152 (2005).
K.L. Ou, D. Tadytin, K.X. Steirer, D. Placencia, M. Nguyen, P. Lee, and N.R. Armstrong: Titanium dioxide electron-selective interlayers created by chemical vapor deposition for inverted configuration organic solar cells. J. Mater. Chem. A 1, 6794 (2013).
D.M. Antonelli and J.Y. Ying: Synthesis of hexagonally packed mesopo-rous TiO2 by a modified sol–gel method. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 34, 2014 (1995).
A. Nakahira, T. Kubo, and C. Numako: Formation mechanism of TiO2-derived titanate nanotubes prepared by the hydrothermal process. Inorg. Chem. 49, 5845 (2010).
M. Paulose, H.E. Prakasam, O.K. Varghese, L. Peng, K.C. Popat, G.K. Mor, T.A. Desai, and C.A. Grimes: TiO2 nanotube arrays of 1000 µm length by anodization of titanium foil: phenol red diffusion. J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 14992 (2007).
C.C. Huang, H.C. Hsu, C.C. Hu, K.H. Chang, and Y.F. Lee: Morphology control of cathodically deposited TiO2 films. Electrochim. Acta 55, 7028 (2010).
C.C. Hu, C.C. Huang, and K.H. Chang: A novel solution for cathodic deposition of porous TiO2 films. Electrochem. Commun. 11, 434 (2009).
T.F.M. Chang, W.H. Lin, Y.J. Hsu, T. Sato, and M. Sone: Cathodic deposition of TiO2 thin films with supercritical CO2 emulsified electrolyte. Electrochem. Commun. 33, 68 (2013).
W.H. Lin, C.Y. Chen, T.F.M. Chang, Y.J. Hsu, and M. Sone: Effects of pressure in cathodic deposition of TiO2 and SnO2 with Supercritical CO2 emulsified electrolyte. Electrochim. Acta 208, 244 (2016).
J. Wang, B. Guo, X. Zhang, Z. Zhang, J. Han, and J. Wu: Sonocatalytic degradation of methyl orange in the presence of TiO2 catalysts and catalytic activity comparison of rutile and anatase. Ultrason. Sonochem. 12, 331 (2005).
S.J. Bao, C.M. Li, J.F. Zang, X.Q. Cui, Y. Qiao, and J. Guo: New nanostruc-tured TiO2 for direct electrochemistry and glucose sensor applications. Adv. Funct. Mater. 18, 591 (2008).
A. Fujishima and K. Honda: Electrochemical photolysis of water at a semiconductor electrode. Nature 238, 37 (1972).
B. O’Regan and M. Grätzel: A low-cost, high-efficiency solar cell based on dye-sensitized colloidal TiO2 films. Nature 353, 737 (1991).
J.G. Yu, H.G. Yu, B. Cheng, X.J. Zhao, J.C. Yu, and W.K. Ho: The effect of calcination temperature on the surface microstructure and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 thin films prepared by liquid phase deposition. J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 13871 (2003).
C. Yan, W. Kang, J. Wang, M. Cui, X. Wang, C. Y. Foo, K. J. Chee, and P. S. Lee: Stretchable and wearable electrochromic devices. ACS Nano 8, 316 (2014).
Y.C. Pu, G.M. Wang, K.D. Chang, Y.C. Ling, Y.K. Lin, B.C. Fitzmorris, C. M. Liu, X.H. Lu, Y.X. Tong, J.Z. Zhang, Y.J. Hsu, and Y. Li: Au nanostructure-decorated TiO2 nanowires exhibiting photoactivity across entire UV–visible region for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Nano Lett. 13, 3817 (2013).
A.J. Cowan, C.J. Barnett, S.R. Pendlebury, M. Barroso, K. Sivula, M. Grätzel, J.R. Durrant, and D.R. Klug: Activation energies for the rate-limiting step in water photooxidation by nanostructured α-Fe2O3 and TiO2, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 10134 (2011).
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by CREST Project operated by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST). Y.-J. H. acknowledges the financial support from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan under grant NSC-102-2113-M-009-005-MY2.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Supplemental Information
Supplementary Material
Supplementary Material
The supplementary material for this article can be found at https://doi.org/10.1557/mrc.2017.21
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chang, TF.M., Lin, WH., Chen, CY. et al. The hydrobaric effect on cathodically deposited titanium dioxide photocatalyst. MRS Communications 7, 189–192 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1557/mrc.2017.21
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/mrc.2017.21