Abstract
We report on the ability to switch an optical material composed of a polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystal (polymer stabilized cholesteric texture, PSCT) between stable transparent (reflective) and scattering modes. The degree of scattering is controllable with the strength of the applied electric field. The mechanism for bistable switching of the PSCT is distinguished from prior examinations by employing electromechanical displacement of a stabilizing polymer network. The stable transparent (reflective) or scattering modes are induced with a variety of driving schemes employing both alternating and direct current fields. The relative degree of scattering can be varied to allow for grayscale control potentially useful in smart window and display applications.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
P.G. de Gennes and J. Prost: The Physics of Liquid Crystals (Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 1993).
S.T. Wu and D.-K. Yang: Reflective Liquid Crystal Displays (Wiley, West Sussex, UK, 2001).
D.-K. Yang, C.-C. Chien, and J.W. Donna: Cholesteric liquid crystal/ polymer dispersion for hazy-free light shutters. Appl. Phys. Lett. 60, 310–3104 (1992).
D.-K. Yang, J.W. Doane, Z. Yaniv, and J. Glasser: Cholesteric reflective display: drive scheme and contrast. Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 1905–1907 (1994).
D.-K. Yang, J.L. West, L.-C. Chien, and J.W. Doane: Control of reflectivity and bistability in displays using cholesteric liquid crystals. J. Appl. Phys. 76, 1331–1333 (1994).
M.-H. Lu: Bistable reflective cholesteric liquid crystal display. J. Appl. Phys. 81, 1063–1066 (1997).
B. Taheri, J.W. Doane, D. Davis, and D. St. John: Optical properties of bistable cholesteric reflective displays. SID Int. Symp. Digest of Technical Papers, vol. 27, pp. 39–42, 1996.
J. Anderson, P. Watson, J. Ruth, V. Sergan, and P. Bos: Fast frame rate bistable cholesteric texture reflective displays. SID Int. Symp. Digest of Technical Papers, vol. 29, pp. 806–809, 1998.
D.-K. Yang: Flexible bistable cholesteric reflective displays. J. Disp. Technol. 2, 3–37 (2006).
C.-C. Li, H.-Y. Tseng, T.-W. Pai, Y.-C. Wu, W.-H. Hsu, H.-C. Jau, C.-W. Chen, and T.-H. Lin: Bistable cholesteric liquid crystal light shutter with multielectrode driving. Appl. Opt. 53, E33–E37 (2014).
C.-Y. Huang, K.-Y. Fu, K.-Y. Lo, and M.-S. Tsai: Bistable transflective cholesteric light shutters. Opt. Express 11, 560–565 (2003).
F.-C. Lin and W. Lee: Color-reflective dual frequency cholesteric liquid crystal displays and their drive schemes. Appl. Phys. Express 4, 112201 (2011).
P. Kumar, S.-W. Kang and S.H. Lee: Advanced bistable cholesteric light shutter with dual frequency nematic liquid crystal. Opt. Mater. Express 2, 1121–1134 (2012).
M. Xu and D.-K. Yang: Dual frequency cholesteric liquid crystals. Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, 720–722 (1997).
C.-H. Wen and S.T. Wu: Dielectric heating effects of dual-frequency liquid crystals. Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 231104 (2005).
F. Zhang and D.-K. Yang: Polymer stabilized cholesteric dichroic dye displays. SID Symp. Digest of Technical Papers, vol. 33, pp. 469–471, 2002.
Y.-H. Lin, H. Ren, Y.-H. Fan, Y.-H. Wu, and S.-T. Wu: Polarizationindependent and fast-response phase modulation using a normal-mode polymer-stabilized cholesteric texture. J. Appl. Phys. 98, 043112 (2005).
H. Ren and S.-T. Wu: Reflective reversed-mode polymer stabilized cholesteric texture light switches. J. Appl. Phys. 92, 797–800 (2002).
Y. Yin, W. Li, H. Cao, J. Guo, B. Li, S. He, C. Ouyang, M. Cao, H. Huang, and H. Yang: Effects of monomer structure on the morphology of polymer network and the electro-optical property of reverse-mode polymerstabilized cholesteric texture. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 111, 1353–1357 (2009).
V.P. Tondiglia, L.V. Natarajan, C.A. Bailey, M.M. Duning, R.L. Sutherland, D.-k Yang, A. Voevodin, T.J. White, and T.J. Bunning: Electrically induced bandwidth broadening in polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals. J. Appl. Phys. 110, 053109/1–053109/5338 (2011).
V.P. Tondiglia, L.V. Natarajan, C.A. Bailey, M.E. McConney, K.M. Lee, T.J. Bunning, R. Zola, H. Nemati, D.-k Yang, and T.J. White: Bandwidth broadening induced by ionic interactions in polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals. Opt. Mater. Express 4, 1465–1472 (2014).
K.M. Lee, V.P. Tondiglia, M.E. McConney, L.V. Natarajan, T.J. Bunning, and T.J. White: Color-tunable mirrors based on electrically regulated bandwidth broadening in polymer-stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals. ACS Photonics 1, 1033–1041 (2014).
H. Nemati, S. Liu, R. Zola, V.P. Tondiglia, K.M. Lee, T.J. White, T.J. Bunning, and D.-k Yang: Mechanism of electrically induced photonic band gap broadening in polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals with negative dielectric anisotropies. Soft Matter 11, 1208–1213 (2015).
M.E. McConney, V.P. Tondiglia, L.V. Natarajan, K.M. Lee, T.J. White, and T.J. Bunning: Electrically induced color changes in polymer–stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals. Adv. Opt. Mater. 1, 417–421 (2013).
T.J. White, K.M. Lee, M.E. McConney, V.P. Tondiglia, L.V. Natarajan, and T.J. Bunning: Stimuli–responsive cholesteric liquid crystal composites for optics and photonics. SID Symp. Digest of Technical Papers, vol. 45, pp. 555–558, 2014.
Acknowledgment
We acknowledge funding from the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lee, K.M., Tondiglia, V.P. & White, T.J. Bistable switching of polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals between transparent and scattering modes. MRS Communications 5, 223–227 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1557/mrc.2015.40
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/mrc.2015.40