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Glucose-sensing properties of citrate-functionalized maghemite nanoparticle–modified indium tin oxide electrodes

  • Biomedical Materials, Regenerative Medicine and Drug Delivery
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Abstract

Iron oxide nanoparticles presenting colloidal stability in water were prepared through precipitation and then surface-functionalized with varying citric acid (CA) concentrations (0.10, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.70 g/mL). CA introduced functionality and minimized agglomeration. Iron oxide nanoparticles with colloidal stability in water at physiological pH were obtained after functionalization with 0.25–0.70 g/mL CA, whereas iron oxide nanoparticles without stability in water were obtained after functionalization with 0.10 g/mL CA. An electrode for glucose detection was fabricated by self-assembling colloidal-stable γ-Fe2O3 NP–CA in water on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass, followed by a glucose oxidase (GOx) and Nafion layer. The optimal functionalization of the γ-Fe2O3 NPs was obtained at a CA concentration of 0.25 g/mL. The electrochemical properties and electrocatalytic behavior of the modified electrode designated as Nafion/GOx/γ-Fe2O3 NP–0.25 CA/ITO were then evaluated. The electrode showed high sensitivity for glucose detection of 995.57 and 5.81 µA/(mM cm2) within the linear ranges of 0.1–5.0 µM and 5.0 µM–20.0 mM, respectively. The modified electrode also demonstrated a low limit of detection, good repeatability of 2.5% (n = 10), and sufficient reproducibility of 3.2% (n = 5).

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Abbreviations

CS:

Chitosan

IONPs:

Iron oxide nanoparticles

GOD and GOx:

Glucose oxidase

Pt:

Platinum electrode

MnO2:

Manganese oxide

CA:

Citric acid

SPCE:

Screen-printed carbon electrode

HRP:

Horseradish peroxidase

Au:

Gold nanoparticles

SiO2:

Silica

ITO:

Indium tin oxide electrode

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the financial support from RU Top Down research grant 1001/Pbahan/870049. One of the authors also acknowledges the financial support from MyBrain. We also thank the technical support from the School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering and Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, 14300, Malaysia

    Noorhashimah Mohamad Nor, Khairunisak Abdul Razak & Zainovia Lockman

  2. NanoBiotechnology Research and Innovation (NanoBRI), INFORMM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, 11800, Malaysia

    Khairunisak Abdul Razak

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  1. Noorhashimah Mohamad Nor
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  2. Khairunisak Abdul Razak
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  3. Zainovia Lockman
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Correspondence to Khairunisak Abdul Razak.

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Nor, N.M., Razak, K.A. & Lockman, Z. Glucose-sensing properties of citrate-functionalized maghemite nanoparticle–modified indium tin oxide electrodes. Journal of Materials Research 35, 1279–1289 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2020.104

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