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Influence of simultaneous addition of carbon nanotubes and calcium phosphate on wear resistance of 3D-printed Ti6Al4V

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Abstract

Seeking to improve the wear resistance of the Ti6Al4V (Ti64) alloy for biomedical applications, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics were added to Ti64 powder and successfully 3D-printed using a commercial laser engineered net shaping (LENS™) system. It was hypothesized that CNTs would allow for in situ carbide formation during laser processing, resulting in increased surface hardness. It was also hypothesized that CaPs would allow for protective tribofilm formation during wear, reducing material loss from wear-induced damage. Scanning electron microscopy images reveal defect-free microstructures with fine carbides evenly distributed, while X-ray diffraction confirms the presence of carbides without additional unwanted intermetallic phases. Vickers microhardness shows an increase in surface hardness in coatings containing both CNTs and CaPs. In vitro tribological studies found reduced coefficient of friction, reduced wear rates, and reduced metal ion-release concentrations in coatings containing both CNTs and CaPs. This study demonstrates the efficacy of CNTs and CaPs to improve wear resistance of Ti64 for potential applications in articulating surfaces of load-bearing implants.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Financial supports from the National Science Foundation under the Grant Nos. CMMI 1538851 and JCATI (Seattle, WA) are acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Lab, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164-2920, USA

    Kevin Stenberg, Stanley Dittrick, Susmita Bose & Amit Bandyopadhyay

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  1. Kevin Stenberg
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  2. Stanley Dittrick
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  3. Susmita Bose
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  4. Amit Bandyopadhyay
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Correspondence to Amit Bandyopadhyay.

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This author was an editor of this journal during the review and decision stage. For the JMR policy on review and publication of manuscripts authored by editors, please refer to http://www.mrs.org/editor-manuscripts/.

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Stenberg, K., Dittrick, S., Bose, S. et al. Influence of simultaneous addition of carbon nanotubes and calcium phosphate on wear resistance of 3D-printed Ti6Al4V. Journal of Materials Research 33, 2077–2086 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2018.234

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2018.234

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