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Opportunities and challenges in probing local composition of organic material blends for photovoltaics

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Abstract

Probing the distribution of donor and acceptor molecules in the active layer of polymer solar cells requires high-resolution methods that provide chemical contrast. A combination of the synchrotron-based soft X-ray technique near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) can map surface composition and local composition in lateral phase-separated domains, as well as identify molecular signatures of degradation. Here we illustrate, by way of selected results, the relevance of these complementary techniques to the field of organic photovoltaics. We demonstrate firstly that the determination of local composition from X-ray absorption spectra requires cautious use of fitting techniques. Furthermore, we show that drop-like clusters of PC70BM formed during the transfer of spin-coated polymer:PC70BM blend films onto Cu-grids lead to an underestimation of PC70BM/polymer concentration ratios. Finally, we show that the selective degradation of one of the components can impair the accurate determination of local blend composition.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We acknowledge the Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland for provision of synchrotron radiation beamtime at beamline PolLux (X07DA) of the SLS and would like to thank Dr. Ben Watts for assistance. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We are grateful to the beamline staff at ALS 5.3.2.2 for assistance. Beamline staff at D1011 at MAX-IV is gratefully acknowledged for assistance. E.M. acknowledges funding from the Swedish Energy Council, contract number 38327-1, and the Swedish Research Council, grant 2015-03778, and financial support from the Göran Gustafsson Foundation for Research in Natural Sciences and Medicine.

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  1. Department of Engineering and Physics, Karlstad University, Karlstad, 651 88, Sweden

    Rickard Hansson, Leif K. E. Ericsson, Vanja Blazinic & Ellen Moons

  2. Centre for Organic Electronics, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia

    Natalie P. Holmes & Paul Dastoor

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  1. Rickard Hansson
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Correspondence to Leif K. E. Ericsson.

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Hansson, R., Ericsson, L.K.E., Holmes, N.P. et al. Opportunities and challenges in probing local composition of organic material blends for photovoltaics. Journal of Materials Research 32, 1982–1992 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2017.7

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