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Distinct photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy signatures for identifying highly crystalline WS2 monolayers produced by different growth methods

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Abstract

Transition metal dichalcogenides such as WS2 show exciting promise in electronic and optoelectronic applications. Significant variations in the transport, Raman, and photoluminescence (PL) can be found in the literature, yet it is rarely addressed why this is. In this report, Raman and PL of monolayered WS2 produced via different methods are studied and distinct features that indicate the degree of crystallinity of the material are observed. While the intensity of the LA(M) Raman mode is found to be a useful indicator to assess the crystallinity, PL is drastically more sensitive to the quality of the material than Raman spectroscopy. We also show that even exfoliated crystals, which are usually regarded as the most pristine material, can contain large amounts of defects that would not be apparent without Raman and PL measurements. These findings can be applied to the understanding of other two-dimensional heterostructured systems.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

A.M., M.A.N., A.L.E., N.P.L, T.E.M., and M.T. acknowledge the financial support from the U.S. Army Research Office under the MURI ALNOS project No. W911NF-11-1-0362. J.W., J.Z., and M.T. were supported by the Center for Nanoscale Science, an NSF Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, under the award DMR-1420620. A.L.E. acknowledges the support from the National Science Foundation (EFRI-1433311). D.A.C. acknowledges funding through a user project supported by ORNL’s Center for Nanophase Materials Science (CNMS) which is a Department of Energy, Office of Science User Facility. V.C. acknowledges support from The Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) — (249070/2013-8).

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  1. These authors contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA

    Amber McCreary, Ayse Berkdemir, Junjie Wang, Ana Laura Elías, Néstor Perea-López, Kazunori Fujisawa, Victor Carozo, J. Zhu & Mauricio Terrones

  2. Nanotechnology Research Center and Kayseri Vocational College, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey

    Ayse Berkdemir

  3. Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA

    Minh An Nguyen, Thomas E. Mallouk & Mauricio Terrones

  4. Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA

    Bernd Kabius

  5. Materials Science & Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA

    David A. Cullen

  6. Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA

    Mauricio Terrones

  7. Research Center for Exotic Nanocarbons, Shinshu University, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan

    Mauricio Terrones

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  1. Amber McCreary
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Correspondence to Mauricio Terrones.

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McCreary, A., Berkdemir, A., Wang, J. et al. Distinct photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy signatures for identifying highly crystalline WS2 monolayers produced by different growth methods. Journal of Materials Research 31, 931–944 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2016.47

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