Abstract
Inorganic oxides exhibit numerous applications influenced by particle size and morphology. While industrial methods for forming oxides involve harsh conditions, nature has the ability to form intricate structures of silicon dioxide (silica) using small peptides and polyamines under environmentally friendly conditions. Recent research has demonstrated that these biomaterials will precipitate other inorganic oxides, such as titanium dioxide (titania). Using the diatom-derived R5 peptide, new peptides with systematic changes (e.g., truncation and substitution) in the R5 primary structure were surveyed for reactivities and the impact on the morphology of the titania. The results demonstrated that (i) basic residues are vital to initiating the reaction, and a minimum local concentration is necessary to sustain the precipitation, (ii) residues containing hydroxyl side chains are important to imparting morphological control on the precipitate, and (iii) buffer conditions can dramatically alter both precipitation and morphology.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M. Shao, X. Xu, J. Huang, Q. Zhang, and L. Ma: TiO2 nanotube-based composites: Synthesis and applications. Sci. Adv. Mater. 5, 962–981 (2013).
M. Tanveer and G.T. Guyer: Solar assisted photo degradation of wastewater by compound parabolic collectors: Review of design and operational parameters. Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 24, 534–543 (2013).
D. Kowalski, D. Kim, and P. Schmuki: TiO2 nanotubes, nanochannels and mesosponge: Self-organized formation and applications. Nano Today 8, 235–264 (2013).
K. Shiba, M. Tagaya, R.D. Tilley, and N. Hanagata: Oxide-based inorganic/organic and nanoporous spherical particles: Synthesis and functional properties. Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 14, 023002 (2013).
T-D. Nguyen: From formation mechanisms to synthetic methods toward shape-controlled oxide nanoparticles. Nanoscale 5, 9455–9482 (2013).
K.M. Kummer, E. Taylor, and T.J. Webster: Biological applications of anodized TiO2 nanostructures: A review from orthopedic to stent applications. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. Lett. 4, 483–493 (2012).
T. Gershon: Metal oxide applications in organic-based photovoltaics. Mater. Sci. Technol. 27, 1357–1371 (2011).
H-H. Li, R-F. Chen, C. Ma, S-L. Zhang, Z-F. An, and W. Huang: Titanium oxide nanotubes prepared by anodic oxidation and their application in solar cells. Acta Phys.-Chim. Sin. 27, 1017–1025 (2011).
S. Sundarrajan, A.R. Chandrasekaran, and S. Ramakrishna: An update on nanomaterials-based textiles for protection and decontamination. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 93, 3955–3975 (2010).
M. Adachi, J. Jinting, and S. Isoda: Synthesis of morphology-controlled titania nanocrystals and applications for dye-sensitized solar cells. Curr. Nanosci. 3, 285–295 (2007).
Y. Wu, J. Yu, H-M. Liu, and B-Q. Xu: One-dimensional TiO2 nanomaterials: Preparation and catalytic applications. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 10, 6707–6719 (2010).
Y. Chen, Y. Yi, J.D. Brennan, and M.A. Brook: Development of macroporous titania monoliths using a biocompatible method. Part 1: Material fabrication and characterization. Chem. Mater. 18, 5326–5335 (2006).
N. Kroger, R. Deutzmann, C. Bergsdorf, and M. Sumper: Species-specific polyamines from diatoms control silica morphology. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 97, 14133–14138 (2000).
N. Kroger, R. Deutzmann, and M. Sumper: Polycationic peptides from diatom biosilica that direct silica nanosphere formation. Science 286, 1129–1132 (1999).
N. Poulsen, M. Sumper, and N. Kroger: Biosilica formation in diatoms: Characterization of native silaffin-2 and its role in silica morphogenesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 100, 12075–12080 (2003).
H. Menzel, S. Horstmann, P. Behrens, P. Barnreuther, I. Krueger, and M. Jahns: Chemical properties of polyamines with relevance to the biomineralization of silica. Chem. Commun. 24, 2994–2995 (2003).
M.B. Dickerson, K.H. Sandhage, and R.R. Naik: Protein- and peptide-directed syntheses of inorganic materials. Chem. Rev. 108, 4935–4978 (2008).
P.J. Lopez, C. Gautier, J. Livage, and T. Coradin: Mimicking biogenic silica nanostructures formation. Curr. Nanosci. 1, 73–83 (2005).
M.M. Tomczak, D.D. Glawe, L.F. Drummy, C.G. Lawrence, M.O. Stone, C.C. Perry, D.J. Pochan, T.J. Deming, and R.R. Naik: Polypeptide-templated synthesis of hexagonal silica platelets. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 12577–12582 (2005).
H.R. Luckarift, M.B. Dickerson, K.H. Sandhage, and J.C. Spain: Rapid, room-temperature synthesis of antibacterial bionanocomposites of lysozyme with amorphous silica or titania. Small 2, 640–643 (2006).
K.M. Roth, Y. Zhou, W. Yang, and D.E. Morse: Bifunctional small molecules are biomimetic catalysts for silica synthesis at neutral pH. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 325–330 (2005).
G-L. Lin, Y-H. Tsai, H-P. Lin, C-Y. Tang, and C-Y. Lin: Synthesis of mesoporous silica helical fibers using a cationic-neutral ternary surfactant in a highly dilute silica solution: Biomimetic silification. Langmuir 23, 4115–4119 (2007).
A. Bernecker, R. Wieneke, R. Riedel, M. Seibt, A. Geyer, and C. Steinem: Tailored synthetic polyamines for controlled biomimetic silica formation. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132, 1023–1031 (2010).
N. Kroger, M.B. Dickerson, G. Ahmad, Y. Cai, M.S. Haluska, K.H. Sandhage, N. Poulsen, and V.C. Sheppard: Bioenabled synthesis of rutile (TiO2) at ambient temperature and neutral pH. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 45, 7239–7243 (2006).
C-L. Chen and N.L. Rosi: Peptide-based methods for the preparation of nanostructured inorganic materials. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 49, 1924–1942 (2010).
R.L. Brutchey and D.E. Morse: Silicatein and the translation of its molecular mechanism of biosilification into low temperature nanomaterial synthesis. Chem. Rev. 108, 4915–4934 (2008).
K.E. Cole and A.M. Valentine: Spermidine and spermine catalyze the formation of nanostructured titanium oxide. Biomacromolecules 8, 1641–1647 (2007).
Y. Fang, N. Pousen, M.B. Dickerson, Y. Cai, S.E. Jones, R.R. Naik, N. Kroger, and K.H. Sandhage: Identification of peptides capable of inducing the formation of titania but not silica via a subtractive bacteriophage display approach. J. Mater. Chem. 18, 3871–3875 (2008).
D. Belton, G. Paine, S.V. Patwardhan, and C.C. Perry: Towards an understanding of (bio)silification: The role of amino acids and lysine oligomers in silification. J. Mater. Chem. 14, 2231–2241 (2004).
M.B. Dickerson, S.E. Jones, Y. Cai, G. Ahmad, R.R. Naik, N. Kroger, and K.H. Sandhage: Identification and design of peptides for the rapid, high-yield formation of nanoparticulate TiO2 from aqueous solutions at room temperature. Chem. Mater. 20, 1578–1584 (2008).
N. Choi, L. Tan, J-R. Jang, Y.M. Um, P.J. Yoo, and W-S. Choe: The interplay of peptide sequence and local structure in TiO2 biomineralization. J. Inorg. Biochem. 115, 20–27 (2012).
D. Zhang, D. Yang, H. Zhang, C. Lu, and L. Qi: Synthesis and photocatalytic properties of hollow microparticles of titania and titania/carbon composites templated by sephadex G-100. Chem. Mater. 18, 3477–3485 (2006).
S. Filocamo, R. Stote, D. Ziegler, and H. Gibson: Entrapment of DFPase in titania coatings from biomimetically derived method. J. Mater. Res. 8, 1042–1051 (2011).
V. Puddu, J.M. Slocik, R.R. Naik, and C.C. Perry: Titania binding peptides as templates in the biomimetic synthesis of stable titania nanosols: Insight into the role of buffers in peptide-mediated mineralization. Langmuir 29, 9464–9472 (2013).
E. Kharlampieva, J.M. Slocik, S. Singamaneni, N. Poulsen, N. Kroger, R.R. Naik, and V.V. Tsukruk: Protein-enabled synthesis of monodisperse titania nanoparticles on and within polyelectrolyte matrices. Adv. Funct. Mater. 19, 2303–2311 (2009).
S. Ahn, S. Park, and S-Y. Lee: Oligo(L-lysine)-induced titanium dioxide: Effects of consecutive lysine on precipitation. J. Cryst. Growth 335, 100–105 (2011).
S.L. Sewell and D.W. Wright: Biomimetic synthesis of titanium dioxide utilizing the R5 peptide derived from Cylindrotheca fusiformis. Chem. Mater. 18, 3108–3113 (2006).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank the Defense Threat Reduction Agency for supporting this research, and Mr. Dave Ziegler for assistance with XRD measurements. We gratefully acknowledge Dr. Charlene Mello for helpful discussions regarding this work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Supplementary Material
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Stote, R.E., Filocamo, S.F. & Lum, J.S. Silaffin primary structure and its effects on the precipitation morphology of titanium dioxide. Journal of Materials Research 31, 1373–1382 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2016.165
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2016.165