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Melting and crystallization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/carbon black compounds. Effect of heating and cooling cycles on phase transition

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Abstract

Compounds of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and carbon black (CB) with CB content ranging between 0.5 and 10% were prepared in an internal mixer. The effect of heating and cooling rates on the crystallization and melting of PHB/CB compounds was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and its morphology analyzed by optical microscopy (OM). Results showed that PHB and its compounds partially crystallize from the melt during cooling and partially cold crystallize on reheating, with the amount of polymer crystallizing in each stage depending strongly on the cooling rate. Melting is usually shown in DSC scans as complex (double) peaks, which are influenced by the heating/reheating thermal cycles. The melting and cold crystallization temperatures, and the rates of phase change depend strongly on the cooling and heating rates and CB content. CB acts as a nucleating agent, promoting the melt and cold crystallization of PHB as well as increasing the number of spherulites, with a mild effect on the melting transition. Light microscopy images suggest that a secondary crystallization of PHB also occurs during storage at room temperature.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Authors would like to thank PHB Industrial SA (Brazil) for kindly supplying PHB resin, and Ms. Maria do Bom Conselho Vitorino and Mr. Alceu Black for preparing the compounds. R.M.R.W. thanks CNPq/Brazil (MCTI/CNPq N 14/2012—Process No. 478124/2012-0) and E.L.C. thanks to FACEPE/PE/Brazil for the financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Materials Engineering Department, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil

    Renate M.R. Wellen

  2. Materials Engineering Department, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campinas, PB, 58429-140, Brazil

    Eduardo L. Canedo

  3. Pernambuco Institute of Technology, Recife, PE, 50740-521, Brazil

    Eduardo L. Canedo

  4. Materials Engineering Department, Pernambuco Institute of Technology, Recife, PE, 50740-521, Brazil

    Marcelo S. Rabello

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  1. Renate M.R. Wellen
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Correspondence to Renate M.R. Wellen.

Supplementary Information: Melting and Crystallization Parameters

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Wellen, R.M., Canedo, E.L. & Rabello, M.S. Melting and crystallization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/carbon black compounds. Effect of heating and cooling cycles on phase transition. Journal of Materials Research 30, 3211–3226 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2015.287

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