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Heat transfer coefficient of porous copper with homogeneous and hybrid structures in active cooling

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Abstract

Heat transfer coefficients of porous copper samples with single- and double-layer structures, fabricated by the lost carbonate sintering process, were measured under forced convection conditions using water as the coolant. Compared with the empty channel, introducing a porous copper sample enhanced the heat transfer coefficient 5–8 times. The porous copper samples with double layers of porosities of 60% and 80% often had lower heat transfer coefficients than their single layer counterparts with the same overall porosities because the coolant flowed predominantly through the high-porosity layer. For the same double-layer structure, the order of the double layer had a large effect on the heat transfer coefficient. Placing the high-porosity layer next to the heat source was more efficient than the other way around. The predictions of a segment model developed for the heat transfer coefficient of multilayer structures agreed well with the experimental results.

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FIG. 1.
TABLE I.
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TABLE II.
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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Technology Strategy Board, UK (TP/8/MAT/6/I/Q1568F). The authors would like to thank Ecka Granules Metal Powder Ltd for supplying the copper powder. Z. Xiao would like to thank the University of Liverpool and the Chinese Scholarship Council for a studentship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GH, UK

    Zhu Xiao & Yuyuan Zhao

  2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China

    Zhu Xiao

Authors
  1. Zhu Xiao
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  2. Yuyuan Zhao
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Correspondence to Yuyuan Zhao.

Nomenclature

A

cross-sectional area of sample

d

distance between Tt and Tb

D

Average pore size

f

thickness fraction

h

heat transfer coefficient

J

total heat flux

J cond

conductive heat flux

J conv

convective heat flux

k

thermal conductivity of porous copper

k Cu

thermal conductivity of copper

K

permeability

L

length of sample

m

constant

p

partition factor

ΔP

pressure drop

Q

fluid flux

R

correlation factor

ReD

Reynolds number based on average pore size

s

scale factor

t

thickness of sample

T

temperature of porous copper

T b

temperature of heating block, bottom

T t

temperature of heating plate, top

T f

temperature of coolant

T in

temperature of inlet water

T out

temperature of outlet water

v

Darcian velocity

w

weighting factor

x

distance from heating plate

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Xiao, Z., Zhao, Y. Heat transfer coefficient of porous copper with homogeneous and hybrid structures in active cooling. Journal of Materials Research 28, 2545–2553 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2013.190

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2013.190

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