Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Enhanced electrochemical stability of PtRuAu/C catalyst synthesized by radiolytic process

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A nanoparticle catalyst of PtRuAu/C was synthesized by including an Au precursor in the radiolytic process for preparing a PtRu/C catalyst. Their methanol oxidation activity and electrochemical durability were measured by linear sweep voltammetry before and after potential cycling treatment. PtRuAu/C had a significantly higher durability than PtRu/C while maintaining a comparable high activity. The morphology and substructure of the nanoparticles were investigated by energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. Metallic nanoparticles with diameters of about 2 nm were obtained; they probably had Pt-core/PtRu-shell structures. Transmission electron microscopy observations after potential cycling revealed that 2-nm-diameter nanoparticles containing Au did not coarsen, whereas nanoparticles without Au coarsened significantly to 3.7 nm. Some crystal defaults were observed in the coarsened particles, implying that the coarsening was caused by Ostwald ripening. The Au addition to catalyst particles consisting of PtRu inhibits coarsening and consequently improves the electrochemical durability

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

TABLE I.
FIG. 1.
FIG. 2.
FIG. 3.
FIG. 4.
FIG. 5.
FIG. 6.
FIG. 7.
TABLE II.
TABLE III.
FIG. 8.
FIG. 9.
FIG. 10.
FIG. 11.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. H.S. Liu, C.J. Song, L. Zhang, J.J. Zhang, H.J. Wang, and D.P. Wilkinson: A review of anode catalysis in the direct methanol fuel cell. J. Power Sources 155, 95 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. M. Watanabe and S. Motoo: Electrocatalysis by ad-atoms. 2. Enhancement of oxidation of methanol on platinum by ruthenium ad-atoms. J. Electroanal. Chem. 60, 267 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. R.L. Borup, J.R. Davey, F.H. Garzon, D.L. Wood, and M.A. Inbody: PEM fuel cell electrocatalyst durability measurements. J. Power Sources 163, 76 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Y. Shao-Horn, W.C. Sheng, S. Chen, P.J. Ferreira, E.F. Holby, and D. Morgan: Instability of supported platinum nanoparticles in low-temperature fuel cells. Top. Catal. 46, 285 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. J. Zhang, K. Sasaki, E. Sutter, and R.R. Adzic: Stabilization of platinum oxygen-reduction electrocatalysts using gold clusters. Science 315, 220 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Z.X. Liang, T.S. Zhao, and J.B. Xu: Stabilization of the platinum–ruthenium electrocatalyst against the dissolution of ruthenium with the incorporation of gold. J. Power Sources 185, 166 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Y. Zhang, Q. Huang, Z. Zou, J. Yang, W. Vogel, and H. Yang: Enhanced durability of Au cluster decorated Pt nanoparticles for the oxygen reduction reaction. J. Phys. Chem. C 114, 6860 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. K. Sasaki, J.X. Wang, H. Naohara, N. Marinkovic, K. More, H. Inada, and R.R. Adzic: Stabilization of the platinum?ruthenium electrocatalyst against the dissolution of ruthenium with the incorporation of gold. J. of Power Sources, 185, 166 (2008).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. T.A. Yamamoto, T. Nakagawa, S. Seino, and H. Nitani: Bimetallic nanoparticles of PtM (M = Au, Cu, Ni) supported on iron oxide: Radiolytic synthesis and CO oxidation catalysis. Appl. Catal. A 387, 195 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. S. Kageyama, S. Seino, T. Nakagawa, H. Nitani, K. Ueno, H. Daimon, and T.A. Yamamoto: Formation of PtRu alloy nanoparticle catalyst by radiolytic process assisted by addition of DL-tartaric acid and its enhanced methanol oxidation activity. J. Nanopart. Res. 13, 5275 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. J. Belloni: Nucleation, growth and properties of nanoclusters studied by radiation chemistry:Application to catalysis. Catal. Today 113, 141 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. S. Kageyama, A. Murakami, S. Seino, T. Nakagawa, H. Daimon, and T.A. Yamamoto: Improved electrochemical durability of PtRuAu/C catalyst synthesized by radiolytic process, in Next-Generation Fuel Cells—New Materials and Concepts, edited by T. He, K. Swider-Lyons, B. Park, P.A. Kohl, and H.L. Tuller (Mater. Res. Soc. Proc. 1311, Warrendale, PA, 2010), mrsf10-1311-gg06-05 (2011).

  13. H. Daimon and Y. Kurobe: Size reduction of PtRu catalyst particle deposited on carbon support by addition of non-metallic elements. Catal. Today 111, 182 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. T. Onodera, S. Suzuki, Y. Takamori, and H. Daimon: Improved methanol oxidation activity and stability of well-mixed PtRu catalysts synthesized by electroless plating method with addition of chelate ligands. Appl. Catal. A 379, 69 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. H. Nitani, T. Nakagawa, H. Daimon, Y. Kurobe, T. Ono, Y. Honda, A. Koizumi, S. Seino, and T.A. Yamamoto: Methanol oxidation catalysis and substructure of PtRu bimetallic nanoparticles. Appl. Catal. A 326, 194 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. M.P. Hogarth and T.R. Ralph: Catalysis for low temperature fuel cells. Platinum Met. Rev. 46(4), 146 (2002).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. B. Ravel and M. Newville: ATHENA, ARTEMIS, HEPHAESTUS: Data analysis for x-ray absorption spectroscopy using IFEFFIT. J. Synchrotron Radiat. 12, 537 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors thank K. Ueno (EBIS, Japan) for providing us time on the electron accelerator and T. Onodera (Hitachi Maxell, Ltd.) for assistance with the electrochemical measurements. The TEM observations were supported by Osaka University Trans-disciplinary Graduate and Refresher Programs for Education, Research and Training in the Fields of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. This research was partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No. 22241023) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Hideo Daimon

    Present address: Graduate School of Engineering, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara-Miyakodani, Kyotanabe-shi, Kyoto, 610-0321, Japan

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan

    Satoru Kageyama & Akio Murakami

  2. Institute for NanoScience Design, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan

    Satoshi Ichikawa

  3. Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan

    Satoshi Seino & Takashi Nakagawa

  4. Hitachi Maxell, Ltd., Osaka, 567-8567, Japan

    Hideo Daimon

  5. Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan

    Yuji Ohkubo, Junichiro Kugai & Takao A. Yamamoto

Authors
  1. Satoru Kageyama
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Akio Murakami
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Satoshi Ichikawa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Satoshi Seino
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Takashi Nakagawa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Hideo Daimon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Yuji Ohkubo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Junichiro Kugai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Takao A. Yamamoto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Satoru Kageyama.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kageyama, S., Murakami, A., Ichikawa, S. et al. Enhanced electrochemical stability of PtRuAu/C catalyst synthesized by radiolytic process. Journal of Materials Research 27, 1037–1045 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2012.65

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2012.65

Search

Navigation