Abstract
A series of TiO2 samples were prepared from the precursor P25 using impregnation method followed by a calcination. The phase compositions of the samples were controlled by addition of various additives, including NaNO3, NaHCO3, Na2SO4, Na3PO4, Na2SiO3, and Na2MoO4. X-ray diffraction patterns demonstrate that the phase transformation from anatase to rutile can be suppressed to a different extent by these additives. Photocatalytic H2 production reactions were performed in methanol aqueous solution. The catalysts, with the addition of NaNO3, NaHCO3, and Na2SO4, show a great improvement in the H2 production activity, while others show a negative effect. This indicates that both the phase structure and the properties of the additives are important for the photocatalytic activity. Infrared spectra of pyridine adsorption on the catalysts reveal that the decreased acidity of the samples may be responsible for the suppressed CO production in the photocatalytic methanol reforming.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
H. Balat and E. Kirtay: Hydrogen from biomass - present scenario and future prospects. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 35, 7416 (2010).
X. Chen and S.S. Mao: Titanium dioxide nanomaterials: Synthesis, properties, modifications, and applications. Chem. Rev. 107, 2891 (2007).
G.L. Chiarello, A. Di Paola, L. Palmisano, and E. Selli: Effect of titanium dioxide crystalline structure on the photocatalytic production of hydrogen. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 10, 355 (2011).
T. Tong, J. Zhang, B. Tian, F. Chen, and D. He: Preparation and characterization of anatase TiO2 microspheres with porous frameworks via controlled hydrolysis of titanium alkoxide followed by hydrothermal treatment. Mater. Lett. 62, 2970 (2008).
K. Tanaka, T. Hisanaga, and A.P. Rivera: Effect of crystal form of TiO2 on the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants. Photocatalytic Purif. Treat. Water Air 3, 169 (1993).
K.L. Schulte, P.A. DeSario, and K.A. Gray: Effect of crystal phase composition on the reductive and oxidative abilities of TiO2 nanotubes under UV and visible light. Appl. Catal., B 97, 354 (2010).
Y.Y. Zhang, J.Z. Chen, and X.J. Li: Preparation and photocatalytic performance of anatase/rutile mixed-phase TiO2 nanotubes. Catal. Lett. 139, 129 (2010).
J. Zhang, Q. Xu, Z.C. Feng, M.J. Li, and C. Li: Importance of the relationship between surface phases and photocatalytic activity of TiO2. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 47, 1766 (2008).
Q. Xu, Y. Ma, J. Zhang, X.L. Wang, Z.C. Feng, and C. Li: Enhancing hydrogen production activity and suppressing CO formation from photocatalytic biomass reforming on Pt/TiO2 by optimizing anatase-rutile phase structure. J. Catal. 278, 329 (2011).
Y. Ma, Q. Xu, X. Zong, D.G. Wang, G.P. Wu, X. Wang, and C. Li: Photocatalytic H2 production on Pt/TiO2-SO42- with tuned surface-phase structures: Enhancing activity and reducing CO formation. Energy Environ. Sci. 5, 6345 (2012).
J. Zhang, M.J. Li, Z.C. Feng, J. Chen, and C. Li: UV Raman spectroscopic study on TiO2. I. Phase transformation at the surface and in the bulk. J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 927 (2006).
H.Y. Chen, O. Zahraa, and M. Bouchy: Inhibition of the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of an organic contaminant in an aqueous suspension of TiO2 by inorganic ions. J. Photochem. Photobiol., A 108, 37 (1997).
C. Guillard, H. Lachheb, A. Houas, M. Ksibi, E. Elaloui, and J.M. Herrmann: Influence of chemical structure of dyes, of pH and of inorganic salts on their photocatalytic degradation by TiO2 comparison of the efficiency of powder and supported TiO2. J. Photochem. Photobiol., A 158, 27 (2003).
K.H. Wang, Y.H. Hsieh, C.H. Wu, and C.Y. Chang: The pH and anion effects on the heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of o-methylbenzoic acid in TiO2 aqueous suspension. Chemosphere 40, 389 (2000).
Y.X. Li, G.X. Lu, and S.B. Li: Photocatalytic hydrogen generation and decomposition of oxalic acid over platinized TiO2. Appl. Catal., A 214, 179 (2001).
J.Z. Zhang, Z.M. Liu, and J.G. Goodwin: The effect of low concentrations of CO on H2 adsorption and activation on Pt/C. Part 1: In the absence of humidity. J. Power Sources 195, 3060 (2010).
R.J. Bellows, E.P. MarucchiSoos, and D.T. Buckley: Analysis of reaction kinetics for carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide on polycrystalline platinum relative to fuel cell operation. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 35, 1235 (1996).
P. Mars, J.J.F. Scholten, and P. Zwietering: The catalytic decomposition of formic acid. Adv. Catal. 14, 35 (1963).
Y. Uemura, T. Taniike, M. Tada, Y. Morikawa, and Y. Iwasawa: Switchover of reaction mechanism for the catalytic decomposition of HCOOH on a TiO2(110) surface. J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 16379 (2007).
Acknowledgments
We acknowledge the financial support for this work from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 20673112), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2009CB220010), and the Solar Energy Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KGCX2-YW-391-1).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ma, Y., Xu, Q., Chong, R. et al. Photocatalytic H2 production on TiO2 with tuned phase structure via controlling the phase transformation. Journal of Materials Research 28, 394–399 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2012.274
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2012.274