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Oxidation kinetics of copper nanowires synthesized by AC electrodeposition of copper into porous aluminum oxide templates

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Abstract

Oxidation kinetics of copper nanowires (CuNWs) with diameter 25 ± 4 nm were studied. The dry powder of CuNWs before oxidation comprises 73.2 wt% Cu and 26.8 wt% Cu2O. The oxidation reaction can be divided into two stages at weight of 111.2%. Oxidized CuNWs after Stage 1 consist of Cu2O and CuO. Oxidized CuNWs after Stage 2 comprise CuO only. The activation energies for both stages are determined by Kissinger method and other five isoconversional methods: Flynn–Wall–Osawa, Starink, Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose, Boswell and Friedman differential methods. The isoconversional activation energies determined by Starink method are used to fit different master plots. The Johnson–Mehl–Avrami equation gives the best fit. Surface atoms are the sites for the random nucleation, and the crystallite strain in CuNWs is the driving force for the growth of nuclei during the oxidation process.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Xerox Foundation for the funding of the research. We thank the Microscopy and Imaging Facility (MIF) in University of Calgary for providing the SEM and TEM instruments. Dr. Tobias Fürstenhaupt’s help to collect the TEM images is also gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada

    Xiaoxiong Luo & Uttandaraman Sundararaj

  2. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G6, Canada

    Xiaoxiong Luo & Jing-Li Luo

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  1. Xiaoxiong Luo
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  2. Uttandaraman Sundararaj
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  3. Jing-Li Luo
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Correspondence to Uttandaraman Sundararaj.

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Luo, X., Sundararaj, U. & Luo, JL. Oxidation kinetics of copper nanowires synthesized by AC electrodeposition of copper into porous aluminum oxide templates. Journal of Materials Research 27, 1755–1762 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2012.168

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2012.168

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