Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Emission and absorption cross section spectra of Er3+ in LiNbO3 crystals codoped with indium

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We have measured at room temperature polarized visible and near-infrared and unpolarized mid-infrared (2.7 μm) emission spectra of Er3+ in LiNbO3 (LN) crystals grown from congruent melts doped with 0.0/0.5, 0.5/0.5, and 1.0/0.5 mol%/mol% In2O3/Er2O3. From the measured emission spectra, the emission and absorption cross section spectral distributions were analyzed based on McCumber theory and discussed in comparison with those spectra of only Er-doped LN bulk material and/or Ti: Er: LN waveguide structure and with the results from the unpolarized absorption measurements. For the 530 and 1530 nm transitions, the cross section value, polarization dependence, and spectral shape all change from the only Er-doped material to the In–Er-codoped crystal and show definite In2O3 doping level effect. The 559, 673, 996, and 1530 nm emission lifetimes were also measured and used to evaluate nonradiative multiphonon relaxation rate. The calculated radiative, measured lifetimes, and multiphonon relaxation rate also show In-codoping effects.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

TABLE I.
FIG. 1.
FIG. 2.
FIG. 3.
FIG. 4.
FIG. 5.
TABLE II.
TABLE III.
FIG. 6.
TABLE IV.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. R. Brinkmann, W. Sohler, and H. Suche: Continuous-wave erbium-diffused LiNbO3 waveguide laser. Electron. Lett. 27, 415 (1991).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. S. Helmfrid, G. Arvidsson, J. Webjorn, M. Linnarsson, and T. Pihl: Stimulated emission in Er:Ti:LiNbO3 waveguides close to 1.53 μm transition. Electron. Lett. 27, 913 (1991).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. J. Amin, J.A. Aust, and N.A. Sanford: Z-propagating waveguide lasers in rare-earth-doped Ti:LiNbO3. Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 3785 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. B.K. Das, R. Ricken, and W. Sohler: Integrated optical distributed feedback laser with Ti:Fe:Er:LiNbO3 waveguide. Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 1515 (2003).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. B.K. Das, R. Ricken, V. Quiring, H. Suche, and W. Sohler: Distributed feedback-distributed Bragg reflector coupled cavity laser with a Ti:(Fe:)Er:LiNbO3 waveguide. Opt. Lett. 29, 165 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. C.H. Huang and L. McCaughan: 980-nm-pumped Er-doped LiNbO3 waveguide amplifiers: A comparison with 1484-nm pumping. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 2, 367 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Ch. Becker, T. Oesselke, J. Pandavenes, R. Ricken, K. Rochhausen, G. Schreiberg, W. Sohler, H. Suche, R. Wessel, S. Balsamo, I. Montrosset, and D. Sciancalepore: Advanced Ti:Er:LiNbO3 waveguide lasers. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 6, 101 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. G. Schreiber, D. Hofmann, W. Grundkotter, Y.L. Lee, H. Suche, V. Quiring, R. Ricken, and W. Sohler: Nonlinear integrated optical frequency conversion in periodically poled Ti:LiNbO3 waveguides. Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering. 4277, 144 (2001).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. E. Cantelar, G.A. Torchia, J.A. Sanz-Garcia, P.L. Pernas, G. Lifante, and F. Cussó: Red, green, and blue simultaneous generation in aperiodically poled Zn-diffused LiNbO3:Er3+/Yb3+ nonlinear channel waveguides. Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 2991 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. D.A. Bryan, R. Gerson, and H.E. Tomaschke: Increased optical damage resistance in lithium niobate. Appl. Phys. Lett. 44, 847 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. T.R. Volk and N.M. Rubinina: A new optical damage resistant impurity in lithium niobate crystals: Indium. Ferroelectrics Letters Section 14, 37 (1992).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. K. Kasemir, K. Betzler, B. Matzas, B. Tiegel, T. Wahlbrink, M. Wöhlecke, B. Gather, N. Rubinina, and T. Volk: Influence of Zn/In codoping on the optical properties of lithium niobate. J. Appl. Phys. 84, 5191 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. K. Kasemir, K. Betzler, B. Matzas, B. Tiegel, M. Wöhlecke, N. Rubinina, and T. Volk: Influence of In doping on the refractive indices of lithium niobate. Phys. Status Solidi A 166, R7 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. X.H. Zhen, W.S. Xu, Q. Li, and Y.H. Xu: Growth and optical properties of In: Er: LiNbO3crystals. J. Cryst. Growth 271, 469 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. L. Sun, C.H. Yang, A.H. Li, Y.H. Xu, and L.C. Zhao: In/Er-codoped LiNbO3 crystals with enhanced 1.5 μm emission and suppressed upconversion emission. J. Appl. Phys. 105, 043512 (2009).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. D.L. Zhang, Li Qi, P.R. Hua, and E.Y.B. Pun: J. Amer. Ceram. Soc., 94, 5 (In press) DOI: 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.04255.x.

  17. C.H. Huang, L. McCaughan, and D.M. Gill: Evaluation of absorption and emission cross sections of Er-doped LiNbO3 for application to integrated optic amplifiers. J. Lightwave Technol. 12, 803 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. C.H. Huang and L. McCaughan: 980-nm-pumped Er-doped LiNbO3 waveguide amplifiers: A comparison with 1484-nm pumping. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron 2, 367 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. P.L. Pernas and E. Cantelar: Emission and absorption cross-section calculation of rare earth doped materials for applications to integrated optic devices. Phys. Scr. T 118, 93 (2005).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. M. Dinand and W. Sohler: Theoretical modeling of optical amplification in Er-doped Ti:LiNbO3 waveguides. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 30, 1267 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. D.L. Veasey, J.M. Gary, J. Amin, and J.A. Aust: Time-dependent modeling of erbium-doped waveguide lasers in lithium niobate pumped at 980 and 1480 nm. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 33, 1647 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. J.A. Lazaro, J.A. Valles, and M.A. Rebolledo: Determination of emission and absorption cross sections of Er3+ in Ti:LiNbO3 waveguides from transversal fluorescence spectra. Pure Appl. Opt. 7, 1363 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. J.A. Lázaro, J.A. Vallés, and M.A. Rebolledo: In situ measurement of absorption and emission cross sections in Er3+-doped waveguides for transitions involving thermalized states. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 35, 827 (1999).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. J.A. Lázaro, M.A. Rebolledo, and J.A. Vallés: Modeling, characterization, and experimental/numerical comparison of signal and fluorescence amplification in Ti:Er:LiNbO3 waveguides. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 37, 1460 (2001).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. M.A. Rebolledo, J.A. Vallés, and S. Setién: In situ measurement of polarization-resolved emission and absorption cross sections of Er-doped Ti:LiNbO3 waveguides. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 19, 1516 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. T. Miyashita and T. Manabe: Infrared optical fibers. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 18, 1432 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. F.D. Hinkley, K.W. Nill, and F.A. Blum: Infrared spectroscopy with tunable lasers, in Laser Spectroscopy of Atoms and Molecules. Topics in Applied Physics, vol. 2. Edited by H. Walther (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1976), p. 127.

    Google Scholar 

  28. K.P. Petrov, R.F. Curl, and F.K. Tittel: Compact laser difference-frequency spectrometer for multicomponent trace gas detection. Appl. Phys. B 66, 531 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. W.J. Miniscalco and R.S. Quimby: General procedure for the analysis of Er3+ cross sections. Opt. Lett. 16, 258 (1991).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. R.M. Martin and R.S. Quimby: Experimental evidence of the validity of the McCumber theory relating emission and absorption for rare-earth glasses. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 23, 1770 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. D.E. McCumber: Theory of phonon-terminated optical masers. Phys. Rev. 134, A299 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. J.N. Sandoe, P.H. Sarkies, and S. Parke: Variation of Er3+ cross section for stimulated emission with glass composition. J. Phys. D 5, 1788 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. P.F. Moulton: Spectroscopic and laser characteristics of Ti:Al2O3. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 3, 125 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. J.M. Eggleston, L.G. DeShazer, and K.W. Kangas: Characteristics and kinetics of laser-pumped Ti: Sapphire oscillators. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 24, 1009 (1988).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. J. Amin, B. Dussardier, T. Schweizer, and M. Hempstead: Spectroscopic analysis of Er3+ transitions in lithium niobate. J. Lumin. 69, 17 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. L. Núñez, G. Lifante, and F. Cussó: Polarization effects on line- strength calculations of Er3+-doped LiNbO3. Appl. Phys. B. 62, 485 (1996).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. J.A. Muňoz, B. Herreros, G. Lifante, and F. Cussó: Concentration dependence of the 1.5 μm emission lifetime of Er3+ in LiNbO3 by radiation trapping. Phys. Status Solidi A 168, 525 (1998).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. E. Cantelar, R.E. Di Paolo, F. Cussó, R. Nevado, G. Lifante, W. Sohler, and H. Suche: Spectroscopy of Er in Zn-diffused LiNbO3 waveguides. J. Alloy. Comp. 323, 348 (2001).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. E. Cantelar, R. Nevado, G. Martín, J.A. Sanz-García, G. Lifante, F. Cussó, M.J. Hernández, and P.L. Pernas: Optical properties of Er and Yb co-doped lithium niobate waveguides. J. Lumin. 87, 1096 (2000).

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Project No. 50872089; by the Key Program for Research on Fundamental to Application and Leading Technology, Tianjin Science and Technology Commission of China under Project No. 11JCZDJC15500; and by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China under Project No. 20100032110052.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Opto-electronics and Information Engineering, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People’s Republic of China

    De-Long Zhang, Li Qi, Ping-Rang Hua & Dao-Yin Yu

  2. Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Tianjin University), Tianjin, 300072, People’s Republic of China

    De-Long Zhang, Li Qi, Ping-Rang Hua & Dao-Yin Yu

  3. Department of Applied Physics-I3A, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain

    Juan-Antonio Vallés

  4. Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China

    Edwin Yue-Bun Pun

Authors
  1. De-Long Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Li Qi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ping-Rang Hua
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Dao-Yin Yu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Juan-Antonio Vallés
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Edwin Yue-Bun Pun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to De-Long Zhang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zhang, DL., Qi, L., Hua, PR. et al. Emission and absorption cross section spectra of Er3+ in LiNbO3 crystals codoped with indium. Journal of Materials Research 26, 1316–1325 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2011.53

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2011.53

Search

Navigation