Abstract
Interfacial reaction and microstructure evolution in a Zr2Al3C4 reinforced Cu composite were studied by x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Decomposition of Zr2Al3C4 was triggered by the deintercalation of Al atoms. In the initial reaction stage, depletion of Al occurred locally. ZrC and Cu platelets as well as thin twinned ZrC slices were observed inside the Zr2Al3C4 grains. In the later reaction stage, all Al atoms depleted from Zr2Al3C4 and were dissolute into the Cu matrix. The final reaction products were a Cu-Al solid solution, ZrCo.5, and highly disordered graphite, which resulted in large volume shrinkage. These experimental results provided a baseline for controlling interfacial reaction and microstructure development in Cu/Zr2Al3C4-based particle-reinforced Cu composites for optimized mechanical and electrical properties.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J.W. Kaczmar, K. Pirtrzak, and W. Wlosinski: The production and application of metal matrix composite materials. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 106, 58 (2000).
L. Li, Y.S. Wong, J.Y.H. Fuh, and L. Lu: Effect of TiC in copper-tungsten electrodes on EDM performance. J. Mater. Process. Technol 113, 563 (2001).
S.C. Tjong and K.C. Lau: Tribological behaviour of SiC particle-reinforced copper matrix composites. Mater. Lett. 43, 274 (2000).
K.M. Shu and G.C. Tu: The microstructure and the thermal expansion characteristics of Cu/SiCp composites. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 349, 236 (2003).
S.F. Moustafa, Z. Abdel-Hamid, and A.M. Abd-Elhay: Copper matrix SiC and Al2O3 particulate composites by powder metallurgy technique. Mater. Lett. 53, 244 (2002).
S.C. Tjong and K.C. Lau: Abrasive wear behavior of TiB2 particle-reinforced copper matrix composites. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 282, 183 (2000).
J.C. Schuster and H. Nowotny: Investigations of the ternary systems (Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta)-Al-C. Z. Metallkd. 71, 341 (1980).
N.T. Tzenov and M.W. Barsoum: Synthesis and characterization of Ti3AlC2. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 83, 825 (2000).
X.H. Wang and Y.C. Zhou: Microstructure and properties of Ti3AlC2 prepared by the solid-liquid reaction synthesis and simultaneous in situ hot pressing process. Acta Mater. 50, 3143 (2000).
L.M. Peng: Fabrication and properties of Ti3AlC2 particulates reinforced copper composites. Scr. Mater. 56, 729 (2007).
J. Zhang and Y.C. Zhou: Microstructure, mechanical, and electrical properties of Cu-Ti3AlC2 and in situ Cu-TiC3 composites. J. Mater. Res. 23, 924 (2008).
Y. Zhang, Z.M. Sun, and Y.C. Zhou: Cu/Ti3SiC2 composite: A new electrofriction material. Mater. Res. Innovations 3, 80 (1999).
J.Y. Wang, Y.C. Zhou, T. Liao, and Z.J. Lin: Trend in crystal structure of layered ternary T-M-C carbides (T = Sc, Ti, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, W, and Ta). J. Mater. Res. 22, 2685 (2007).
J.Y. Wang and Y.C. Zhou: Recent progress in theoretical prediction, preparation, and characterization of layered ternary transition-metal carbides. Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 39, 10 (2009).
T.M. Gesing and M. Jeitschko: The crystal structures of Zr3Al3C5, ScAl3C3, andUAl3C3 and their relation to the structures of U2A13C4 and AL,C3. J- Solid State Chem. 140, 396 (1998).
K. Fukuda, S. Mori, and S. Hashimoto: Crystal structure of Zr2Al3C4. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 88, 3528 (2005).
L.F. He, ZJ. Lin, J.Y. Wang, Y.W. Bao, M.S. Li, and Y.C. Zhou: Synthesis and characterization of bulk Zr2Al3C4 ceramic. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 90, 3687 (2007).
L.F. He, H.B. Zhong, J.J. Xu, M.S. Li, Y.W. Bao, J.Y. Wang, and Y.C. Zhou: Ultrahigh-temperature oxidation of Zr2Al3C4 via rapid induction heating. Scr. Mater. 60, 547 (2009).
J. Zhang, L.F. He, and Y.C. Zhou: Highly conductive and strengthened copper matrix composite reinforced by Zr2Al3C4 particulates. Scr. Mater. 60, 976 (2009).
J. Zhang, J.Y. Wang, and Y.C. Zhou: Structure stability of Ti3AlC2 in Cu and microstructure evolution of Cu-Ti3AlC2 composites. Acta Mater. 55, 4381 (2007).
K. Suganuma, Y. Miyamoto, and M. Koizumi: Joining of ceramics and metals. Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 18, 47 (1988).
R. Asthana and M. Singh: Joining of partially sintered alumina to alumina, titanium, Hastealloy and C-SiC composite using Ag-Cu brazes. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 28, 617 (2008).
R. Asthana and M. Singh: Joining of ZrB2-based ultra-high-temperature ceramic composites using Pd-based braze alloys. Scr. Mater. 61, 257 (2009).
A. Avishai, C. Scheu, and W.D. Kaplan: Intergranular films at metal-ceramic interfaces: Part I-Interface structure and chemistry. Acta Mater. 53, 1559 (2005).
I. Obinata and G. Wassermann: X-ray analysis of the solubility of aluminum in copper. Naturwiss. 21, 382 (1933).
A.J. Bradley and H.J. Goldschmidt: An x-ray study of slowly cooled iron-copper-aluminium alloys-Part I. Alloys rich in iron and copper. J. Inst. Met. 65, 389 (1939).
S.K. Pradhan and M. De: An x-ray determination of the thermal expansion of a-phase Cu-Al alloys at high temperature. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 21, 980 (1988).
V. Ozolins and J. Haglund: First-principles study of effective cluster interactions and enthalpies of formation of substoichiomet-ric VC. Phys. Rev. B 48, 5069 (1993).
P.A. Korahavyi, L.V. Pourovokii, H.W. Hugoosson, A.V. Ruban, and B. Johansson: Ab initio study of phase equilibria in TiCx. Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 15505 (2002).
H.W. Hugoosson, O. Eriksson, U. Jansson, and B. Johansson: Phase stabilities and homogeneity ranges in 4d-transition-metal carbides: A theoretical study. Phys. Rev. B 63, 134108 (2001).
G.V. Samsonov, M.S. Koval’chenko, R.Ya. Petrykina, and V.Ya. Naumenko: Hot pressing of the transition metals and their carbides in their homogenity regions. Powder Metall. Met. Ceram. 9, 713 (1970).
R.V. Sara: The system zirconium-carbon. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 48, 243 (1965).
A.C. Ferrari: Raman spectroscopy of graphene and graphite: Disorder, electron-phonon coupling, doping and nonadiabatic effects. Solid State Commun. 143, 47 (2007).
L. Wu, L.F. He, Y.W. Bao, and Y.C. Zhou: Tribological properties of a Zr2Al3C4 ceramic at ambient temperature. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 92, 141 (2009).
J. Robertson: Diamond-like amorphous carbon. Mater. Sci. Eng., R 37, 129 (2002).
F. Tuinstra and J.L. Koening: Raman spectrum of graphite. J. Chem. Phys. 53, 1126 (1970).
E. Parthe and B. Chabot and: Zr2M3C5_x and Hf2Al3C5_x described with higher symmetrical space group P63/ mmc. Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C: Cryst. Struct. Commun. 44, 774 (1988).
J. Lin, M.J. Zhuo, L.F. He, Y.C. Zhou, M.S. Li, and J.Y. Wang: Atomic-scale microstructures of Zr2Al3C4 and Zr3Al3C5. Acta Mater. 54, 3843 (2006).
J.S. Binford, Jr., J.M. Strohmenger, and T.H. Hebert: A modified drop calorimeter. The heat content of aluminum carbide and cobalt (II) fluoride above °. J. Phys. Chem. 71, 2404 (1967).
J.C. Schuster: A reinvestigation of the thermal decomposition of aluminum carbide and the constitution of the Al-C system. J. Phase Equilib. 12, 546 (1991).
C. Qiu and R. Metselaar: Solubility of carbon in liquid Al and stability of A14C3. J. Alloys Compd. 216, 55 (1994).
J.Y. Wang, Y.C. Zhou, Z.J. Lin, and T. Liao: First-principle investigation on chemical bonding and bulk modulus of the ternary carbide Zr2Al3C5. Phys. Rev. B 72, 052102 (2005).
J.Y. Wang, Y.C. Zhou, Z. J. Lin, T. Liao, and L.F. He: First-principles prediction of the mechanical properties and electronic structure of ternary aluminum carbide Zr3Al3C5. Phys. Rev. B 73, 134107 (2006).
T. Liao, J.Y. Wang, and Y.C. Zhou: Atomistic deformation modes and intrinsic brittleness of Al4SiC4: A first-principles investigation. Phys. Rev. B 74, 174112 (2006).
M. Rühle: Structure and composition of metal/ceramic interfaces. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 16, 353 (1996).
H. Zhang, KT. Ramesh, and E.S.C. Chin: Effects of interfacial debonding on the rate-dependent response of metal matrix composites. Acta Mater. 53, 4687 (2005).
V.A. Romanova, R.R. Balokhonov, and S. Schmauder: The influence of the reinforcing particle shape and interface strength on the fracture behavior of a metal matrix composite. Acta Mater. 57, 97 (2009).
Y.C. Zhou, X.H. Wang, Z.M. Sun, and S.Q. Chen: Electronic and structural properties of the layered ternary carbide Ti3AlC2. J. Mater. Chem. 11, 2335 (2001).
D. Music and J.M. Schneider: The correlation between the electronic structure and elastic properties of nanolaminates. JOM 59, 60 (2007).
J.Y. Wang, Y.C. Zhou, T. Liao, J. Zhang, and Z.J. Lin: A first-principle investigation of the phase stability of Ti2AlC with Al vacancies. Scr. Mater. 58, 227 (2008).
J. Kovacoik and J. Bielek: Electrical conductivity of Cu/graphite composite material as a function of structural characteristics. Scr. Mater. 35, 151 (1996).
A. Yeoh, J. Persad, and Z. Eliezer: Dimensional response of copper-graphite powder composites to sintering. Scr. Mater. 37, 271 (1996).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, J., Wang, J.Y. & Zhou, Y.C. Microstructure evolution of Zr2Al3C4 in Cu matrix. Journal of Materials Research 26, 372–383 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2010.52
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2010.52