Abstract
Over millions of years, natural constructions have been developed by evolutionary processes in nature with the general aim to generate high-performance structures with minimum material consumption. It is well known that one of the major strategies is to reach a largely homogeneous material load in the biological structure. In this paper, we demonstrate that this natural design principal applies not only to the macroscopic level but also to microstructural optimization, and in particular, to adhesive joints in nature. Furthermore, we introduce the computer aided adhesive and assembly optimization method (CA3O), which transfers the natural mechanically stimulated growth processes to technical adhesive joints by means of the finite element method.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
F. Kollmann: Technology of Wood and Wood Materials Vol. 1, 2nd ed. (Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany, 1982), in German.
C. Mattheck, K. Weber, K. Götz: How the red beech accomplishes radial tenisle loading. Allgemeine Forst Jagdzeitung 171 Vol. 1 (2000), pp. 10–14, in German.
C. Mattheck: The Face of Failure in Nature and Engineering (Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany, 2004).
C. Mattheck: Engineering Components Grow Like Trees (Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany, 1989), Vol. KfK 4648.
J. Folgado, P. Fernandes, and H. Rodriques: Topology optimization of three-dimensional structures under contact conditions, in Proceedings WCSMO-4 Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization (International Society for Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, Dalian, China, 2001), pp. 42–43.
M. Ledermann, I. Tesari, C. Mattheck: CAO-shape optimization of a fillet with a complex, time dependent loading, in Computer Aided Optimum Design of Structures VII edited by G. Ibarra-Berastegi, C.A. Brebbia, and P. Zannetti. (WIT Press, Ashurst, Southampton, England, 2001), pp. 203–210.
C. Mattheck, I. Tesari: Uniform stress—A design rule for biological load carriers, in Optimisation Mechanics in Nature edited by M.W. Collins, D.G. Hunt, and M.A. Atherton. (WIT Press, Ashurst, Southampton, England, 2004), pp. 15–34.
J. Curry: Bones—Structure and Mechanics Vol. I, 1st ed. (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 2002).
J. Wolff: The Law of the Bone Remodeling (Reprint 1986, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany, 1986).
C. Mattheck: Design in Nature (Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany, 1998).
R.A. Brand, J.A. Albright: The Scientific Basis of Orthopaedics 1st ed. (Appleton & Lange, East Norwalk, NY, 1987).
J. Collins: Failure of Materials on Mechanical Design. (Wiley-Interscience Publication, New York, 1981).
I. Szabó: Advanced Engineering Mechanics 6th ed. (Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany, 2001), in German.
M. Schlimmer: Influence of the hydrostatic stress state to the stiffness of adhesive joints. Schweißen Schneiden 38(8), 380 (1980) in German.
I. Engasser, A. Puck: Research on fracture behavior of adhesive joints. Kunststoffe 70(8), 493 (1980) in German.
M. Schlimmer: Hypothesis of strength for polymer materials. Rheol. Acta 20, 542 (1981) in German.
D.C. Drucker, W. Prager: Soil mechanics and plastic analysis or limit design. Quart. Appl. Math. X(2), 157 (1952).
O. Hahn, J. Kürlemann: Evaluation of Model Parameters for the Description and Assessment of the Mechanic Behavior of Adhesively Bonded Plastic Joints. 1st ed. (Shaker Verlag, Aachen, German, 1998), in German.
F. Jarsch: Evaluation of material specific parameters of adhesively bonded metal joints. Bachelor Thesis, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH (2005).
G. Habenicht: Kleben, 4th ed. (Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany, 2002).
M. Munzinger, Optimization of adhesive joints based on the model of nature. Ph.D. Thesis, Universität Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany (2005, in press).
M. Scherge, S. Gorg: Biological Micro- and Nanotribology 1st ed. (Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany, 2001).
M. Munzinger, C. Mattheck: CA3O—A new optimization method for adhesive joints modelled on nature. Mater. Wiss. Werkstofftechnik 36(7), 320 (2005).
D. Courty: Calculation and optimization of natural and technical adhesive joints using the CA3O method. Dipl. Thesis, Universität Karlsruhe, Institut für Zuverlässigkeit von Bauteilen und Systemen, Karlsruhe, Germany (2005).
O. Mayer: Experimental investigation of an adhesive joint optimized by using the CA3O method, Bachelor Thesis, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany (2005).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Munzinger, M., Kraft, O. & Mattheck, C. Computer aided adhesive and assembly optimization method: Biomimetic optimization of adhesive joints. Journal of Materials Research 21, 2011–2017 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0244
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0244