Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Fourier transform infrared analysis of hydroxyl content of hydrothermally processed heteroepitaxial barium titanate films

  • Article
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The concentration of hydroxyl (–OH) groups in epitaxial barium titanate (BaTiO3) films (thickness ∼ 200 nm), deposited on single-crystal strontium titanate (SrTiO3) at 150 °C by a hydrothermal technique, was investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. After hydrothermal treatment, a broad FTIR resonance for the hydroxyl groups indicated a significant concentration of surface–OH groups in the films. The as-deposited films were subsequently treated hydrothermally with D2O, and the kinetics of the exchange reaction between–OH incorporated into the film and–OD from the D2O were studied using FTIR. For reactions carried out intermittently, the kinetics of the exchange reaction between–OH by–OD depended not only on the total reaction time, but also on the duration of each treatment. The broad FTIR hydroxyl resonance in the as-deposited hydrothermal film was significantly reduced only after heating for 1 h at 600–800 °C.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. R.E. Newnham: Electroceramics. Rep. Prog. Phys. 52 123 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. M. Yoshimura S.E. Yoo M. Hayashi and N. Ishizawa: Preparation of BaTiO3 thin film by hydrothermal electrochemical method. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 29 2007 (1989).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. N. Ishizawa H. Banno M. Hayashi S.E. Yoo and M. Yoshimura: Preparation of barium titanate (BaTiO3) and strontium titanate (SrTiO3) polycrystalline thin films on flexible polymer film substrate by hydrothermal method. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 29 2467 (1990).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. M. Hayashi N. Ishizawa S.E. Yoo and M. Yoshimura: Preparation of barium titanate thin film on titanium deposited glass substrate by hydrothermal-electrochemical method. J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn. 98 930 (1990).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. K. Kajiyoshi N. Ishizawa and M. Yoshimura: Preparation of tetragonal barium titanate thin film on titanium metal substrate by hydrothermal method. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 74 369 (1991).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. K. Kajiyoshi N. Ishizawa and M. Yoshimura: Heteroepitaxial growth of BaTiO3 thin films on SrTiO3 substrates under hydrothermal conditions. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 1B L120 (1991).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. R.R. Basca P. Ravindranathan and J.P. Dougherty: Electrochemical hydrothermal and electrochemical-hydrothermal synthesis of barium titanate thin films on titanium substrates. J. Mater. Res. 7 423 (1992).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. E. Shi C.R. Cho M.S. Jang S.Y. Jeong and H.J. Kim: Formation mechanism of thin film under hydrothermal conditions. J. Mater. Res. 9 2914 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. R.R. Basca and J.P. Dougherty: Hydrothermal synthesis of barium titanate thin film on titanium metal powder. J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 14 600 (1995).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. A.T. Chien J.S. Speck F.F. Lange A.C. Daykin and C.G. Levi: Low temperature/low pressure hydrothermal synthesis of barium titanate: Powder and heteroepitaxial thin films. J. Mater. Res. 10 1784 (1995).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. E.B. Slamovich and I.A. Aksay: Structure evolution in hydrothermally processed (<100 °C) BaTiO3 films. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 79 239 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. F. Dogan and M. Sarikaya: Mechanisms of hydrothermal barium titanate thin film formation in Polycrystalline Thin Films: Structure Texture Properties and Applications II edited by H.J. Frost M.A. Parker C.A. Ross and E.A. Holm (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 403 Pittsburgh PA 1996) p. 95.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. A.T. Chien L. Zhao M. Colic J.S. Speck and F.F. Lange: Microstructural development of BaTiO3 heteroepitaxial thin films by hydrothermal synthesis. J. Mater. Res. 13 649 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. J. Zeng C. Lin J. Li and K. Li: Low temperature preparation of barium titanate thin films by a novel sol-gel-hydrothermal method. Mater. Lett. 38 112 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Z. Wu and M. Yoshimura: Investigations on procedures of the fabrication of barium titanate ceramic films under hydrothermal-electrochemical conditions. Solid State Ionics 122 161 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. C.F. Kao and C.L. Yang: Preparation and electrical properties of barium titanate film by hydrothermal method. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 19 1365 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. K. Kajiyoshi and Y. Sakabe: Preparation of barium titanate thin film on a porous titanium body by the hydrothermal electrochemical method. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 82 2985 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. I.S. Escobar C.I. Silva T. Vargas and V.M. Fuenzalida: Nucleation and inhibition control during the hydrothermal-electrochemical growth of barium titanate films. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 83 2673 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. E. Ciftci M.N. Rahaman and F.D. Blum: Hydrothermal deposition and characterization of heteroepitaxial BaTiO3 films on SrTiO3 and LaAlO3 single crystals. J. Mater. Sci. 37 3361 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. K. Byrappa and M. Yoshimura: Handbook of Hydrothermal Technology (Noyes Publications Park Ridge NJ 2001).

    Google Scholar 

  21. R. Vivekanandan S. Philip and T. Kutty: Hydrothermal preparation of barium titanate fine powders. Mater. Res. Bull. 22 99 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. D. Hennings and S. Shreinmacher: Characterization of hydrothermal BaTiO3. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 9 41 (1992).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. T. Noma S. Wada M. Yano and T. Suzuki: Analysis of lattice vibration in fine particles of barium titanate single crystals including lattice hydroxyl group. J. Appl. Phys. 80 5223 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. D.F.K. Hennings C. Metzmacher and B.S. Schreinemacher: Defect chemistry and microstructure of hydrothermal barium titanate. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 84 179 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. A.T. Chien L. Zhao M. Colic J.S. Speck and F.F. Lange: Electrical characterization of BaTiO3 heteroepitaxial films by hydrothermal synthesis. J. Mater. Res. 14 3330 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. M.A. McCormick and E.B. Slamovich: Microstructure development and dielectric properties of hydrothermal BaTiO3 thin films. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 23 2143 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. J.G. Lisoni F.J. Piera SáM. nchez C.F. Soto and V.M. Fuenzalida: Water incorporation in BaTiO3 films grown under hydrothermal conditions. Appl. Surf. Sci. 134 225 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. V.M. Fuenzalida M.E. Pilleux and I. Eisele: Adsorbed water on hydrothermal BaTiO3 films: Work function measurements. Vacuum 55 81 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. S. Wada T. Suzuki and T. Noma: Preparation of barium titanate fine particles by hydrothermal method and their characterization. J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn. 103 1220 (1995).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. C.C. Hung and R.E. Riman: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigation of hydrothermal and commercial barium titanate powders in Chemical Processing of Advanced Materials edited by L.L. Hench and J.K. West (Wiley New York 1992) p. 603.

  31. A.B. Christie: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in Methods of Surface Analysis edited by J.M. Walls (Cambridge University Press New York 1989) p. 127.

  32. D.P. Woodruff and T.A. Delchar: Modern Techniques of Surface Science 2nd ed. (Cambridge University Press New York 1994).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  33. J.F. Moulder W.F. Stickle P.E. Sobol and K.D. Bomben: Handbook of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (Perkin Elmer Eden Prairie MN 1992).

    Google Scholar 

  34. P.V. Nagarkar P.C. Searson and F.D. Gealy: Effect of surface treatment on SrTiO3: An x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study. J. Appl. Phys. 69 459 (1991).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. B. Chornik V.A. Fuenzalida C.R. Grahmann and Labbé R.: Water adsorption properties of amorphous BaTiO3 thin films. Vacuum 48 161 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. S.M. Mukhopadhyay and T.C.S. Chen: Surface chemical states of barium titanate: Influence of sample processing. J. Mater. Res. 10 1502 (1995).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. C.J. Lu A.X. Kuang and G.Y. Huang: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study on composition and structure of sol-gel derived PbTiO3 thin films. J. Appl. Phys. 80 202 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. C. Miot E. Husson C. Proust R. Erre and J.P. Coutures: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization of barium titanate ceramics prepared by the citric route. Residual carbon study. J. Mater. Res. 12 2388 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. B.C. Smith: Fundamentals of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (CRC Press Boca Raton FL 1996).

    Google Scholar 

  40. A.A. Christy Y. Ozaki and V.G. Gregoriou: Modern Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (Elsevier New York 2001).

    Google Scholar 

  41. S. Kapphan and G. Weber: IR-absorption study of H and D impurities in BaTiO3 crystals. Ferroelectrics 37 673 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. A.T. Chien J. Sachleben J.H. Kim J.S. Speck and F.F. Lange: Synthesis and characterization of PbTiO3 powders and heteroepitaxial thin films by hydrothermal synthesis. J. Mater. Res. 14 3303 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. R. Waser: Solubility of hydrogen defects in doped and undoped BaTiO3. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 71 58 (1988).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, Missouri, 65409, USA

    Sandeep K. Patil & Mohamed N. Rahaman

  2. Materials Research Center, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, Missouri, 65409, USA

    Nipun Shah

  3. Materials Research Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, Missouri, 65409, USA

    Frank D. Blum

Authors
  1. Sandeep K. Patil
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nipun Shah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Frank D. Blum
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mohamed N. Rahaman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohamed N. Rahaman.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Patil, S.K., Shah, N., Blum, F.D. et al. Fourier transform infrared analysis of hydroxyl content of hydrothermally processed heteroepitaxial barium titanate films. Journal of Materials Research 20, 3312–3319 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2005.0406

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2005.0406

Search

Navigation