Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Refractories for Glass Making

  • Refractories
  • Published:
MRS Bulletin Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Conclusion

“There is no doubt that the improvement in refractories has contributed most to the steady increase in furnace output. The refractory manufacturers have done a wonderful job and have nearly kept pace with the glassmakers’ requests for better materials.” This statement by Lionel Norton was made in his presidential speech to the Society of Glass Technology in 1969 and is still valid today. Much excellent work continues to provide the glass industry with the refractories that it requires, and it can look to the future with confidence.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Anon, Glass Bottle Makers Yorkshire United Trade Protection Soc., Soc. Glass Tech. Library Sheffield (1873) p. 417.

  2. C.W. Siemans, British Patent No. 1513 (1870).

  3. H.S. Houldsworth, J. Soc. Glass Tech. 9 (1925) p. 3T.

    Google Scholar 

  4. J. Currie, J. Soc. Glass Tech. 6 (1922) p. 156T.

    Google Scholar 

  5. S. English, J. Soc. Glass Tech. 7 (1923) p. 248T.

    Google Scholar 

  6. G.S. Fulcher, U.S. Patent No. 1 615 750 (1925).

  7. A. Garstang, Glass Tech. 12(1) (1971) p. 1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  8. K.T. Bondarev and V.V. Pollyak, Steklo Keram 28(1) (1971) p. 8–12.

    Google Scholar 

  9. O.K. Botvinkin and T.B. Zhuse, Steklo Keram 28(1) (1971) p. 12–13.

    Google Scholar 

  10. EEC C.P.I.V. (1983).

  11. P. Hrma, Glass Tech. 23(3) (1982) p. 151.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. M. Dunkl and R. Bruckner, Glastech. Ber. 60(8) (1987) p. 261–267.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. W. Nernst, Z. Phys. Chem. 47 (1904) p. 52; 53 (1905) p. 235.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. C.J. Wagner, Phys. Colloid Chem. 53 p. 1030.

  15. E. Schmidt and W. Beckman, Forsch. Geb. Ing. Wes. (1930) p. 1391.

  16. T.S. Busby and J. Eccles, Glass Tech. 5(3) (1964) p. 115–123.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. J. Loffler, Glastech Ber. 38 (1965) p. 398–405.

    Google Scholar 

  18. H. Jebsen Marwedel, Glastech. Ber. 39(9) (1966) p. 399–402.

    Google Scholar 

  19. P. Hrma, Chem. Eng. Sci. 25 (1970) p. 1679–1688.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. M. Cable & D. Martlew, Glass Tech. 12(6) (1971) p. 142–147.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. D.W. Ross, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 9(9) (1926) p. 613–617.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. McCauley, Bull. Am. Ceram. Soc. 4(11) (1925) p. 605–609.

    Google Scholar 

  23. F.W. Preston and J.S. Turnbull, Am. J. Sci. 239(2) (1941) p. 92–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. T.S. Busby and J. Barker, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 49(8) (1966) p. 441–446.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. B.E. Gillespie, PhD thesis, Sheffield University (1968).

  26. Scriver and Sternling, J. Fluid Mech. (1964) p. 321–40.

  27. T.S. Busby, 10th Int. Congress on Glass (1974) p. 2.20–2.30.

  28. P. Argenot, 4th Int. Congress on Glass (1956) p. 73–78.

  29. D.L. Orlov et al., Glass Ceram. 43(3–4) (1986) p. 148–150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. F.G.K. Baucke and G. Roth, Glastech. Ber. 61(5) (1988) p. 109–118.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. J. Lexow and R. Bruckner, Glastech. Ber. 57(4) (1984) p. 81.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. R. Bruckner, Glastech. Ber. 53 (1980) p. 321.

    Google Scholar 

  33. T.S. Busby, Glass. Tech. 20(3) (1979) p. 91.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. K. Schulte, Glastech. Ber. 50(8) (1977) p. 181.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. E.R. Begley, Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc. 9(3–4) (1988) p. 306–314.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. P. Jeanvoine and J. Guigonis, Glass International 40 (September, 1980).

  37. T.S. Busby, Glass Tech. 19(3) (1978) p. 54–56.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. N.L. Bowen and J.W. Greig, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 7(4) (1924) p. 242.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. G.S. Fulcher, U.S. Patent No. 1 615 751 (1926).

  40. P.P. Budnikov and A.A. Litvakovskii, Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR 106 (1956) p. 267.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. A.D. Davies and T.M. Wehrenberg, Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc. 9(3–4) (1988) p. 273–283.

    Google Scholar 

  42. I.P. Rublevskii et al., Steklo i Keramika 11 (1983) p. 8–11.

    Google Scholar 

  43. O.N. Popov et al., Steklo Ceram. 38(2) (1981) p. 9.

    Google Scholar 

  44. T.A. Myles and F. Knee, Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc. 7(1–2) (1986) p. 269–270.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. W.Y. Chan and P.S. Nicholson, Ceramic Bull. 57(2) (1978) p. 226.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. E.R. Begley, Handbook of Glass Manufacture (F.V. Tooley) Vol. 1 (1974) p. 403–454.

    Google Scholar 

  47. T.S. Busby et al. 19(3) (1978) p. 54–56.

  48. R.W. Brown and O.R. Stach, Bull. Am. Ceram. Soc. 30 (1951) p. 251.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. J.C. McMullen and A.P. Thompson, Bull. Am. Ceram. Soc. 29 p. 12. (1950)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. D.N. Nandi, Glass Udyog 10(2) (1981) p. 45.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. T.M. Wehrenberg and J.R. Stein, Glass Industry 67(9) (1986) p. 18–19, 38.

    Google Scholar 

  52. T.M. Wehrenberg and C.M. McGary, Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc. 9(1–2) (1988) p. 82–89.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. A.G. Werke Didier, Information Sheet (September, 1988).

  54. E.A. Thomas and E.L. Manigault, J. Can. Ceram. Soc. 45 (1976) p. 21.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. G.B. Shaw, Glass Tech. 19(4) (1978) p. 75.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. S. Hansel, Riv. Staz Sper. Vetro (5) (1982) p. 113.

    Google Scholar 

  57. E.A. Thomas, J. Can. Ceram. Soc. 44 (1975) p. 37.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. P. Robyn et al., Proc. 28th Int. Colloq. Refractories Aachen (1985) p. 408.

  59. K. Konopicky et al., Glastech. Ber. 34(1) (1961) p. 1–15.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. A.V. Morsanyi, Glass Tech. 7(1) (1966) p. 196–202.

    Google Scholar 

  61. P. Boggum, Verres Refract. 24(3) (1970) p. 124–132.

    Google Scholar 

  62. G. Hoff, Glass 53(2) (1976) p. 44–45.

    Google Scholar 

  63. G. Christoff and F. Rostami, Proc. 28th Int. Colloq. Refract. Aachen (1985) p. 92.

  64. B.J. Kirkbride, Glass Tech. 20(5) (1979) p. 174.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. R.G.C. Beerkens and H. de Waal, Glass Tech. 28(6) (1987) p. 246.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. R.G.C. Beerkens and H. de Wall, Glastech. Ber. 61(2) (1988) p. 26–42.

    Google Scholar 

  67. F. Gebhardt, Glastech Ber. 51(6) (1978) p. 147.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. R.E. Davies et al. 34th Conf. on Glass Problems (1973) p. 109–126.

  69. P. Robyn et al., 28th Int. Colloq. on Refractories Aachen (1985) p. 184.

  70. T.S. Busby and W.N. Sengelow, Glass Tech. 19(3) (1978) p. 47.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. H. Naefe and K. Schulte, Sprechsaal 107(20) (1974) p. 883–892.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. F. Gebhardt, Glastech. Ber. 49(3) (1976) p. 53–59.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. T.S. Busby and M. Carter, Glass Tech. 12(5) (1971) p. 113.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. W.S. Ferguson, Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc. 2(1–2) (1981) p. 35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. C. Barrow, Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc. 6(3–4) (1985) p. 294–298.

    Google Scholar 

  76. P. Bortha, Glasstech. Ber. 58(10) (1985) p. 288.

    Google Scholar 

  77. P. Robyn, 28th Int. Colloq. on Refractories Aachen (1985) p. 184.

  78. P. Kettner and G. Christoff, Radex Rundschau 1 (1986) p. 3–11.

    Google Scholar 

  79. T. Weichert, 28th Int. Colloq. on Refractories Aachen (1985) p. 28.

  80. H.D. Kuchta, Glass Int. (September 1986) p. 31–35.

  81. H. Barthel and G. Mogling, Glass Int. (September 1986) p. 48–55.

  82. W.J. Kivala and H.E. Wolfe, Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc. 9(3–4) (1988) p. 318–328.

    Google Scholar 

  83. J.C. Moreau et al., Sprechsaal 118(5) (1985) p. 399–401.

    Google Scholar 

  84. W.A. Poolos and F.S. Nelson, Ceram. Bull. 63(11) (1984) p. 1419.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. R. Wood, Glass Tech. 22(2) (1981) p. 79.

    Google Scholar 

  86. R. Moreau and T. Van Dommelen, Glass 58(12) (1981) p. 38.

    Google Scholar 

  87. K.T. Bondarev and O.N. Popov, Steklo Keram 31(1–2) (1974) p. 3–6.

    Google Scholar 

  88. K.H. Sandmeyer, Am. Ceram. Soc. (October 1966).

  89. B.L. Schmidt and R.S. Harris, 32nd Conf. on Glass Problems (1971) p. 1–23.

  90. P.P. Boggum, Glass 51(6) (1974) p. 219–223.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. B.V. Antonov et al., Steklo Keram 7 (1980) p. 23.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Z. Bakonji, Conf. Budapest (June 1–5, 1981).

  93. P.P. Boggum and W. Pausch, Glass 55(9) (1978) p. 48.

    Google Scholar 

  94. C.V. Ramachandran et al., Glass 63(10) (1986) p. 354–358.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. V. Wichelow, Glass Tech. 25(6) (1984) p. 256.

    Google Scholar 

  96. V.I. Matveev et al., Steklo Keram 27(6) (1970) p. 15.

    Google Scholar 

  97. G.S. Hobson et al., J. Inst. Msmt. Control (1987).

  98. G.H.J. Voss and K. Glomb, Glastech. Ber. 54(6) (1981) p. 149.

    Google Scholar 

  99. P. Descheper, P. Robyn, and A.V. Parry, Glass Int. (September 1986) p. 37–43.

  100. P. Cartales, Sprechsaal 121(4) (1988), p. 262–263.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. T.S. Busby and J.R. Mackintosh, Glass 10 (1987).

  102. Norton, Glass Tech. 10(6) (1969) p. 156–163.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. T. S. Busby
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Busby, T.S. Refractories for Glass Making. MRS Bulletin 14, 45–53 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1557/S0883769400061200

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/S0883769400061200

Search

Navigation