Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Fluidized Bed Steam Reformed (FBSR) Mineral Waste Forms: Characterization and Durability Testing

  • Article
  • Published:
MRS Online Proceedings Library Aims and scope

Abstract

Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming (FBSR) is being considered as a potential technology for the immobilization of a wide variety of high sodium low activity wastes (LAW) such as those existing at the Hanford site, at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL), and the Savannah River Site (SRS). The addition of clay, charcoal, and a catalyst as co-reactants with the waste denitrates the aqueous wastes and forms a granular mineral waste form that can subsequently be made into a monolith for disposal if necessary. The waste form produced is a multiphase mineral assemblage of Na-Al-Si (NAS) feldspathoid minerals with cage and ring structures and iron bearing spinel minerals. The mineralization occurs at moderate temperatures between 650-750°C in the presence of superheated steam. The cage and ring structured feldspathoid minerals atomically bond radionuclides like Tc-99 and Cs-137 and anions such as SO4, I, F, and Cl. The spinel minerals stabilize Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) hazardous species such as Cr and Ni. Granular mineral waste forms were made from (1) a basic Hanford Envelope A low-activity waste (LAW) simulant and (2) an acidic INL simulant commonly referred to as sodium-bearing waste (SBW) in pilot scale facilities at the Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) Science and Technology Applications Research (STAR) facility in Idaho Falls, ID. The FBSR waste forms were characterized and the durability tested via ASTM C1285 (Product Consistency Test), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Toxic Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), and the Single Pass Flow Through (SPFT) test. The results of the SPFT testing and the activation energies for dissolution are discussed in this study.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. J.B. Mason, T.W. Oliver, M.P. Carson, G.M. Hill, G.M. WM 99 Conference (1999).

  2. J.B. Mason, J. McKibben, K. Ryan, D. Schmoker, J. WM 03 Conference (2003).

  3. C.M. Jantzen, U.S. DOE Report WSRC-TR-2002-00317 (2002).

  4. C.M. Jantzen, Ceramic Transactions 155, 319–329 (2004).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. B.P. McGrail, H.T. Schaef, P.F. Martin, D.H. Bacon, E.A. Rodriguez, D.E. McCready, A.N. Primak, and R.D. Orr, U.S. DOE Report PNWD-3288 (2003).

  6. A.L. Olson, N.R. Soelberg, D.W. Marshall, G.L. Anderson, U.S. DOE Report INEEL/EXT-04-02492; (2004).

  7. N.R. Soleberg, D.W. Marshall, S.O. Bates, D.D. Taylor, U.S. DOE Report INEEL/EXT-04-01493 (2004).

  8. A.L. Olson, N.R. Soelberg, D.W. Marshall, G.L. Anderson, U.S. DOE Report INEEL/EXT-04-02564; (2004).

  9. S.D. Rassat, L.A. Mahoney, R.L. Russell, S.A. Bryan, and R.L. Sell, U.S. DOE Report PNNL-14194-Rev. 1 (2003).

  10. J.M. Pareizs, C.M. Jantzen, T.H. Lorier, U.S. DOE Report WSRC-TR-2005-00102 (2005).

  11. C.M. Jantzen, J.M. Pareizs, T.H. Lorier, and J.M. Marra, Ceramic Trans., 176, 121–137 (2006).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. B.P. McGrail, U.S. DOE Report PNNL-14414 (2003).

  13. T.H. Lorier, J.M. Pareizs, and C.M. Jantzen, U.S. DOE Report, WSRC-TR-2005-00124 (2005).

  14. C.M. Jantzen, WM 06 Conference (2006).

  15. K.G. Knauss, W.L. Bourcier, K.D. McKeegan, C.I. Merzbacher, S.N. Nguyen, R.J. Ryerson, D.K. Smith, H.C. Weed, and L. Newton, L. Sci. Basis Nucl. Waste Mgt., XIII, Mat. Res. Soc., Pittsburgh, PA, 371–381 (1990).

  16. C.M. Jantzen, D.R. Clarke, P.E.D. Morgan, P.E.D. and A.B. Harker, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 65[6], 292–300 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. E.S. Dana, “A Textbook of Mineralogy,” John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 851pp (1932).

    Google Scholar 

  18. W. A. Deer, R. A. Howie, and J. Zussman, “Rock-Forming Minerals,” Vol IV, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 435pp. (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  19. D.G. Brookins, “Geochemical Aspects of Radioactive Waste Disposal,” Springer-Verlag, New York, 347pp. (1984).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  20. S.V. Mattigod, B. P. McGrail, D.E. McCready, L.Q. Wang, K.E. Parker, and J.S. Young, Submitted to Microsporous and Mesoporous Materials (2006).

  21. M.P. Tole, A.C. Lasaga, C. Pantano, W.B. White, Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 50, 379–392 (1985).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. J.P. Hamilton, S.L. Brantley, C.G. Pantano, L.J. Criscenti, J.D. Kubiki, Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 65 [21], 3683–3702 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. T.H. Lorier, C.M. Jantzen, J.C. Marra, and J.M. Pareizs, Ceramic Trans. V. 176, 111–119 (2006).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, 29803, SC, USA

    Carol M. Jantzen, Troy H. Lorier, John M. Pareizs & James C. Marra

Authors
  1. Carol M. Jantzen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Troy H. Lorier
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. John M. Pareizs
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. James C. Marra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Jantzen, C.M., Lorier, T.H., Pareizs, J.M. et al. Fluidized Bed Steam Reformed (FBSR) Mineral Waste Forms: Characterization and Durability Testing. MRS Online Proceedings Library 985, 1004 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-985-0985-NN10-04

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-985-0985-NN10-04

Search

Navigation