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Micromorphology and Mineralogy of Fly Ash and Lime Stabilized Bentonite

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Abstract

Compacted fly ash, lime, bentonite and water mixtures were cured at 23° and 50°C, for 1, 28, 90 and 180 days. Cementitious products and microstructure were observed by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry and x-ray diffractometry. Unconfined compressive strength changes are correlated to the formation of new mineral phases. For bentonite-limefly ash mixtures, strength increased from 1050 kPa (I day) to 2,300 kPa (90 days) and then slightly increased to 2,400 kPa after 180 days at ∼ 230C. Ettringite is the most abundant mineral associated with the increased compressive strength.

New minerals identified in the 23°C mixtures include calcium silicate hydrate - Type 1, afwillite and ettringite. Acicular crystals of these and other minerals were formed by the hydration of lime and fly ash in the montmorillonitic clay. The cementitious phases create a rigid framework joining spheres and clay aggregates. Continued reaction dissolves some of the spheres and slightly reduces the rigidity of the cured samples.

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References

  1. H.F. Winterkorn, Soil Stabilization. Foundation Engineering Handbook, p. 312.

  2. M.S. Keshawarz, and J.G. Laguros, in, Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterization. Utilization and Disposal II. edited by G.J. McCarthy, F.P. Glasser, and D.M. Roy, (Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 65, Pittsburgh PA 1986) pp. 37–46.

  3. R.H. Mills, ibid, pp. 207–217.

  4. K. Luke, and F.P. Glasser, ibid, pp. 173–180.

  5. F.P. Glasser, S. Diamond, and D.M. Roy, in, Fly Ash and Coal Conversion Bv-Products: Characterization. Utilization and Disposal III. edited by G.J. McCarthy, F.P. Glasser, D.M. Roy, and S. Diamond, (Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 86, Pittsburgh, PA 1987), pp. 139–158.

  6. R.J. Stevenson, and T.P. Huber, ibid, pp. 99–108.

  7. G.J. McCarthy, Powder Diffraction, I, 50–55 (1986).

  8. S. Diamond, “Cement Paste Microstructure - An Overview at Several Levels, in Proceedings of a Conference held at the University of Sheffield, April 8–9, 1976.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Basin Research Institute, Louisiana State University, 70803, Baton Rouge, LA, USA

    Ray E. Ferrell Jr.

  2. Louisiana Transportation Research Center, 70803, Baton Rouge, LA, USA

    Ara Arman

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, Louisiana State University, 70803, Baton Rouge, LA, USA

    Gokhan Baykal

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  1. Ray E. Ferrell Jr.
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  2. Ara Arman
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  3. Gokhan Baykal
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Ferrell, R.E., Arman, A. & Baykal, G. Micromorphology and Mineralogy of Fly Ash and Lime Stabilized Bentonite. MRS Online Proceedings Library 113, 241–248 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-113-241

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-113-241

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